Английская Википедия:Baarle-Hertog

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Шаблон:Redirect Шаблон:Infobox Belgium municipality Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:IPA-nl; Шаблон:Lang-fr, Шаблон:IPA-fr) is a Flemish municipality of Belgium, much of which consists of a number of small Belgian enclaves fully surrounded by the Netherlands.

Parts of Шаблон:Lang are surrounded by the Dutch province of North Brabant, but it is part of the Belgian province of Antwerp. Шаблон:As of, it has a population of 2,935. The total area is Шаблон:Convert.[1]

Geography

Border with Baarle-Nassau

Файл:Baarle-Nassau - Baarle-Hertog-en.svg
Map showing the enclaves of Шаблон:Lang

Шаблон:Lang is noted for its complicated borders with Шаблон:Lang, Netherlands.[2]

The border's complexity results from a number of medieval treaties, agreements, land-swaps and sales between the Lords of Шаблон:Lang and the Dukes of Brabant. Generally speaking, predominantly agricultural or built environments became constituents of Brabant and other parts devolved to Шаблон:Lang. These distributions were ratified and clarified as a part of the border settlements agreed under the Treaty of Maastricht in 1843. The tight integration of the European Union and in particular the Schengen Agreement have made many of the practicalities of the situation substantially simpler since the 1990s.

In total, the municipality of Baarle-Hertog consists of 26 separate parcels of land. Four are linked to other Belgian municipalities, from west to east: the Baalbrugse Bemden, a strip of land along the Merkske, Zondereigen-Ginhoven and an area near Weelde-Station. The largest single section, Zondereigen (named after its main hamlet), is located within mainland Belgium on the contiguous Dutch-Belgian border (north of the town of Шаблон:Lang). In addition to this, there are 22 Belgian exclaves fully within the Netherlands. There are also seven Dutch enclaves within the Belgian exclaves (i.e., counter-exclaves) that are part of the territory of the Netherlands. Six of these Dutch enclaves are located within the largest Belgian exclave, and a seventh in the second-largest Belgian exclave. An eighth Dutch exclave is located near Шаблон:Ill.

During the First World War, this situation meant that the Imperial German Army could not occupy these parts of Belgium without crossing the Netherlands, which the Dutch government did not allow. Thus, these pieces of Belgium became a place where refugees could safely stay.[3] A clandestine radio transmitter was smuggled in and from there worked with the Belgian resistance. The Dutch government fenced off these areas and controlled access in or out of them, building a church and school for the Belgian people who were effectively stranded within the enclaves.[4]Шаблон:Circular reference This situation did not exist in the Second World War, as both countries were occupied by Nazi Germany.

Some houses in the town of Шаблон:Lang/Шаблон:Lang are divided between the two countries. At one time, according to Dutch laws, restaurants had to close earlier. For some restaurants on the border, this simply meant that the customers had to move to a table on the Belgian side.[5] In 2020, restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic differed between the two countries; for instance, preventing a Belgian citizen living metres away from an open Dutch bar from patronising it.[6]

Many fireworks shops are found in Шаблон:Lang, as Belgian laws controlling the sale of fireworks are more lenient than those of the Netherlands. Many Dutch tourists come to Шаблон:Lang to buy fireworks to celebrate the New Year.

Two villages in the municipality, Zondereigen and Ginhoven, are located in the main territory of Belgium.

List of enclaves

Netherlands enclaves

These are all part of Шаблон:Lang municipality.

Serial no. and local name[7] Area (ha) area

acre

Notes
Шаблон:Flagicon N1, Шаблон:Lang 5.3667 13.2615 Counter-enclave surrounded by Belgian exclave H1, in Шаблон:Lang; contains a mix of dwellings and farmland; boundary of N1 and H1 runs through one building.
Шаблон:Flagicon N2, Шаблон:Lang 1.3751 3.3981 Counter-enclave surrounded by Belgian exclave H1, in Шаблон:Lang; contains 8 dwellings.
Шаблон:Flagicon N3, Шаблон:Lang 0.2863 0.7075 Counter-enclave surrounded by Belgian exclave H1, in Шаблон:Lang; boundary of N3 and H1 bisects the loading dock of a liquor store.
Шаблон:Flagicon N4, Шаблон:Lang 1.2324 3.0454 Counter-enclave surrounded by Belgian exclave H1, in Шаблон:Lang; boundary of N4 and H1 runs through a warehouse, with vacant Dutch land to the rear of the warehouse.
Шаблон:Flagicon N5, Шаблон:Lang 1.9212 4.7475 Counter-enclave surrounded by Belgian exclave H1, in Шаблон:Lang; boundary of N5 and H1 runs through a furniture showroom, a shed and a barn.
Шаблон:Flagicon N6, Шаблон:Lang 1.4527 3.5898 Counter-enclave surrounded by Belgian exclave H1, in Шаблон:Lang; consists of farmland with two buildings.
Шаблон:Flagicon N7, Шаблон:Lang 0.5812 1.4363 Counter-enclave surrounded by Belgian Oordeel exclave H8, in Шаблон:Lang; occupies part of a field.
Шаблон:Flagicon N8, Vossenberg 2.8528 7.0496 Farmland enclave situated within Zondereigen, Belgium, less than 50 meters south of the Dutch border.

Belgian enclaves

These are all part of Шаблон:Lang municipality, and are surrounded by Шаблон:Lang municipality (Netherlands).

Serial no. and local name[7] Area (ha) area

acre

Notes
Шаблон:Flagicon H1, Aen het Klooster Straetje - Hoofdbraek - Loveren - De Boschcovensche Akkers - De Loversche Akkers - De Tommelsche Akkers - De Tommel - De Gierle Straat - De Reth - De Rethsche Akkers - Het Dorp - De Kapel Akkers - De Kastelein 153.6448 379.6717 Forms a quadripoint with enclave H2; largest Belgian exclave; encompasses six Dutch enclaves; consists of dwellings for the most part, with outlying farmland and an industrial area; boundary runs through numerous buildings; contains a portion of the former Turnhout-Tilburg rail line, now a cycle path.
Шаблон:Flagicon H2, Шаблон:Lang 2.4116 5.9594 Consists of farmland with a single point of connection (quadripoint) between enclaves H1 and H2 in the middle of a corn field.
Шаблон:Flagicon H3, Шаблон:Lang 0.3428 0.8471 Occupies part of a field; boundary runs through a shed in one instance.
Шаблон:Flagicon H4, Шаблон:Lang 1.476 3.6474 Consists of farmland; boundary runs through a house and three sheds.
Шаблон:Flagicon H5, De Kapel Akkers 0.9245 2.2846 Consists of farmland with a dwelling.
Шаблон:Flagicon H6, Hoofdbraek 1.7461 4.3148 Mixed land usage; boundary runs through a warehouse/factory.
Шаблон:Flagicon H7, De Loversche Akkers 0.2469 0.6102 Boundary runs through two dwellings, including the middle of one front door (giving it two house numbers: Loveren 2, Шаблон:Lang / Loveren 19, Шаблон:Lang).
Шаблон:Flagicon H8, Boschcoven - De Kastelein - De Oordelsche Straat 41.8781 103.485 Second-largest Belgian exclave, contains a mix of dwellings and farmland; boundary runs through a barn, a dwelling and two businesses.
Шаблон:Flagicon H9, De Kapel Akkers 0.4005 0.9897 Boundary runs through a printing factory/warehouse in an industrial area.
Шаблон:Flagicon H10, De Oordelsche Straat 0.65 1.6063 Consists of farmland.
Шаблон:Flagicon H11, De Oordelsche Straat 0.93 2.2982 Consists of farmland.
Шаблон:Flagicon H12, Boschcoven 0.2822 0.6974 Consists of farmland.
Шаблон:Flagicon H13, Boschcoven 1.5346 3.7922 Boundary runs through about 20 dwellings.
Шаблон:Flagicon H14, Boschcoven 0.7193 1.7774 Boundary runs through about 13 dwellings.
Шаблон:Flagicon H15, Boschcoven 1.7211 4.2531 Boundary runs through about 16 dwellings.
Шаблон:Flagicon H16, Keizershoek - Oordelsche Straat 4.4252 10.9352 Boundary runs through a house and three sheds; inside one of the sheds, the linear boundary changes direction three times
Шаблон:Flagicon H17, Moleriet Heide 14.9248 36.8807 Rural area containing a portion of the former Turnhout-Tilburg rail line, now a cycle path.
Шаблон:Flagicon H18, De Manke Gooren 2.9247 7.2273 Consists of farmland.
Шаблон:Flagicon H19, De Peruiters 0.6851 1.693 Consists of several ponds and a field.
Шаблон:Flagicon H20, Wurstenbosch - Vossenberg 1.1681 2.8865 Consists of farmland.
Шаблон:Flagicon H21, Baelbrugsche Beemden 1.1845 2.9271 Consists of farmland.
Шаблон:Flagicon H22, De Wit Hagen 0.2632 0.6504 South of the village of Ulicoten; occupies part of a field; nationality was contested from the 1830s until 1995 (remained unallocated to either country in boundary treaty of 26 April 1974)

Climate

Шаблон:Weather box

Education

Шаблон:Lang has two elementary schools: De Vlinder and De Horizon.[8]

It has a joint library with Шаблон:Lang with Belgian and Dutch staff.[9]

Notable inhabitants

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Geographic location Шаблон:Antwerpen Belgium Шаблон:Authority control