Английская Википедия:Ballochmyle Viaduct

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Файл:Ballochmyle Viaduct, Mauchline, Scotland-LCCN2002695023.tif
View of the viaduct from the River Ayr, circa 1900

The Ballochmyle Viaduct is the tallest extant railway viaduct in Britain. It is Шаблон:Convert high, and carries the railway over the River Ayr near Mauchline and Catrine in East Ayrshire, Scotland. It carries the former Glasgow and South Western Railway line between Glasgow and Carlisle.[1]

Designed by John Miller, the viaduct was built in the 1840s for the Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway Company. Work commenced on its construction during March 1846; it was built under contract by Ross & Mitchell and William McCandlish was the resident engineer. It is built of local red sandstone and stronger stone sourced from Dundee was used for the arch rings. On completion on 2 March 1848, the viaduct had the largest masonry arch in the world and remains amongst the largest ever been constructed.

The viaduct was listed in April 1971 and became a Category A listed structure in January 1989. It was designated a "Historic Civil Engineering Landmark" by the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) in 2014. Network Rail undertook strengthening work on the viaduct in the 2010s. The Ballochmyle Viaduct is used for passenger and freight traffic through to the present day.

History

The Ballochmyle Viaduct was designed by John Miller for the Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway during the mid 1840s.[2][3] The line was the northern part of the railway from Glasgow to Carlisle via Kilmarnock. The viaduct was required to cross the River Ayr. The resident engineer was William McCandlish and the contractors were Ross & Mitchell.[3][1][4]

During March 1846, construction of the stone viaduct began.[1] The viaduct incorporated a massive arch spanning the River Ayr. To build the arch, complex timber centring for temporary support was constructed over the river. The centring was considered to be noteworthy in its own right.[5][6]

The viaduct was completed on 2 March 1848 but the line was not completed until 9 August 1850.[1][7] At the time of its construction, the viaduct had the largest masonry arch in the world; 150 years later, it was amongst the biggest masonry arches to have ever been built.[1] The viaduct carries double track railway across the river between Mauchline and Catrine;[8] and tens of thousands of trains have crossed over it over the course of its lifetime.[9]

The viaduct has been in continuous use to the present day; in 2014, it was in a good condition despite more than 160 years of service.[10] During the early 2010s Network Rail upgraded the viaduct to strengthen it for heavy freight trains, particularly coal traffic. The work, undertaken by contractor Carillion, was done without significant alteration to its external appearance.[1][11][12]

Ballochmyle Viaduct was designated a listed structure during April 1971 and became a Category A listed structure in January 1989.[13][1] It features in the 1996 film Mission: Impossible.[14][15] During 2014, the viaduct was designated a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) and a plaque was installed.[10][16] The viaduct is also listed amongst those sites promoted by the East Ayrshire Council as being a local historical site.[17]

Design

Файл:River Ayr Way - geograph.org.uk - 350721.jpg
View of the Ballochmyle Viaduct from the side of the Ayr Valley, 2007

Ballochmyle Viaduct carries a double-track railway over the River Ayr. It has seven spans, three Шаблон:Convert spans at either side of the central Шаблон:Convert span.[3] The main arch crosses the River Ayr at Шаблон:Convert at its highest point.[3] All the arches are semi-circular, built around an arch ring comprising hard stone quarried near Dundee and local red sandstone was used for the rest of the structure.[3] While largely plain, the arches have some decorative ornamentation including raised panels on the spandrels, and the dressed stone arch rings.[1] These details can be viewed from the riverside path that passes underneath the central arch.[18][19]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ " Single record details: 234 - RHP99399." National Records of Scotland, Retrieved: 27 June 2018.
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ McCandlish, William. "Description of the Ballochmyle Viaduct over the River Ayr, on the line of the Glasgow and South-Western Railway." Journal of the Franklin Institute, Vol 50, Iss 6, December 1850. Pages 365-366.
  5. ↑ Cross-Rudlin, Peter. "Centres for Large Span Masonry Arch Bridges in Britain to 1833." arct.cam.ac.uk, pp. 887-901.
  6. ↑ Newlands, James. "Centering for the Ballochmyle Viaduct, Glasgow & South Western Railway, The Carpenter & Joiner's Assistant." Blackie & Son, Glasgow, 1860.
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Google maps
  9. ↑ McKie, Rob. "The Railways: Nation, Network and People by Simon Bradley review – first-class." The Guardian, 18 October 2015.
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  11. ↑ “Ballochmyle Viaduct Structural Strengthening.” Шаблон:Webarchive ‘’geo-structural.co.uk’’, Retrieved: 27 June 2018.
  12. ↑ core from the Ballochmyle Viaduct&used=The core was taken to establish the condition of the stone.&donor=April 2014&photo=2014_004_1.jpg&pane=3 "Museum Item : Sandstone." ICE Museum, Retrieved: 28 June 2018.
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Historic Environment Scotland
  14. ↑ Simpson, Julie. “Ayrshire Gem – Mission Impossible.” ‘’dailyrecord.co.uk’’, 1 April 2011.
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ "Ballochmyle plaque unveiled." nrha.org.uk, July 2014.
  17. ↑ “Historic sites.” ‘’east-ayrshire.gov.uk’’, Retrieved: 27 June 2018.
  18. ↑ "Best Foot Forwards." heraldscotland.com, 30 October 1999.
  19. ↑ "River Ayr Way part 2." ramblers.org.uk, Retrieved: 27 June 2018.
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