Английская Википедия:Battle of Perast

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Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox military conflict Шаблон:Campaignbox Cretan War (1645-1669) The Battle of Perast (Шаблон:Lang-sr) was a battle for control over Venetian held Perast (modern day Montenegro) fought in 1654 between defending forces of Venetian Republic from Perast accompanied by hajduksШаблон:Sfn and attacking forces of Ottoman Empire from Sanjak of Herzegovina. Commander of defending Perast forces was Krsto Vicković while Ottoman forces were led by Dizdar Mehmed Rizvanbegović.

Venetian forces from Perast were victorious and successfully repelled Ottoman attack in the battle which is in some sources referred to as most glorious victory in their history.Шаблон:Sfn

Background

In 1654, Ottoman forces controlled almost whole north-western part of the Kotor Bay, so they perceived Perast as some kind of thorn in their side.Шаблон:Sfn On the other hand, Perast had important strategic importance for the Venetian Republic because it protected important Venetian-held city of Kotor.Шаблон:Sfn

Battle of Perast followed an unsuccessful attempt of Venetian forces to capture Knin in early 1654. Victorious Ottoman forces of Sanjak of Herzegovina were ordered to attack Perast per request of Ottomans expelled from Risan in 1648–49 by Perast forces. Additional motif was successful attack of Perast forces on Popovo in 1654.Шаблон:Sfn

The Ottomans were embittered because of the constant attacks of hajduks from Perast.Шаблон:Sfn Around 1,500 refugees fled eastern Herzegovina in early 1654 and settled Venetian-held territories in Kotor Bay, near Perast. There were at least 500 hajduks among them.Шаблон:Sfn Although they were of Orthodox faith, hajduks were treated well by Venetian authorities in Perast who granted them some land,Шаблон:Sfn creating some kind of Military Frontier between Venetian and Ottoman territories in Kotor Bay.Шаблон:Sfn Since 1654 Perast became known as hajduks' nest.Шаблон:Sfn

Forces

The Ottoman forces that attacked Perast were from Sanjak of Herzegovina governed by Čengić, a secret Venetian agent.Шаблон:Sfn Čengić was afraid that his betrayal would be discovered if he refuse to attack Perast, so he reluctantly decided to organize an attack.Шаблон:Sfn The Ottoman forces were under direct command of expelled Bosnian dizdar of Risan, Mehmed Rizvanbegović.Шаблон:Sfn According to Vuk Karadžić, it was said that Rizvanbegović was originally from Kovačević family of Grahovo (near Nikšić, modern-day Montenegro).Шаблон:Sfn The Ottoman infantry from Sanjak of Hercegovina was supported by fustas from Ottoman-held Ulcinj and Herceg Novi.Шаблон:Sfn

Venetian forces of 43 menШаблон:Sfn from Perast were under command of Krsto Vickov Visković.Шаблон:Sfn Substantial number of hajduks, who migrated from eastern HerzegovinaШаблон:Sfn to Perast in the first half of May 1654, participated in defence of Perast.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

About 30 Venetian warships from Perast were unable to participate in defence of Perast because they were far away, on the open sea, together with their crews.Шаблон:Sfn The small fortress above the town (The Fortress of the Holy Cross) together with the chain of towers spread across the town had an important role in the defence of Perast, completely surrounded by Ottoman territories.

Battle

Файл:Perast, isola di nostra signora dello scoglio, interno, madonna sull'altare, xvi sec.JPG
Miraculous icon of Madonna and Child authored by Lovro Marinov Dobričević in the first half of the 15th century

Perast authorities were informed about the planned Ottoman attack by Orthodox priest Radul of RiđaniШаблон:Sfn and brothers Sladoje and Stjepan Stijepović from Risan who informed third brother Petar Stijepović, who moved from Risan in Perast few years before.[1] [2] Before the battle the civilian population took shelters.Шаблон:Sfn

According to some sources, the attack was intentionally poorly organized by Čengić and as consequence it lasted only for three hours.Шаблон:Sfn Other sources emphasize that the attack was well organized and supported by simultaneous attack of fustas of Ottoman navy and Ulcinj pirates who attacked other Venetian held towns in Kotor Bay.Шаблон:Sfn

Defenders brought the icon of Madonna and Child from Our Lady of the Rocks islet off the coast of Perast and placed it to the walls of their town. According to the legend Madonna threw ashes into the eyes of attackers and defended the town.Шаблон:Sfn

Perast forces prepared their tactic in advance. During the battle they saved their ammunition and together with hajduks organized brave charges into Ottoman forces, causing their panic.Шаблон:Sfn

During the Battle of Perast Ottoman forces burned nearby Banja Monastery.Шаблон:Sfn The sources differ regarding the Ottoman casualties. According to some sources Ottoman commander Rizvanbegović and 62 Ottoman soldiers were killed during this battle, while most of 200 wounded Ottomans soon died.Шаблон:Sfn Some sources present figure of more than 70 killed and 300 wounded Ottomans.Шаблон:Sfn Many sources emphasize role of hajduks in this battle.Шаблон:Sfn According to some of them, hajduks ambushed Ottoman forces, killed 80 and wounded 800 Ottomans and captured Rizvanbegović.Шаблон:Sfn Most sources agree that Rizvanbegović was killed during this battle, probably during Ottoman attack on one of town's towers (the tower of Mara Krilova).Шаблон:Sfn According to epic poetry, Rizvanbegović was killed from rifle by his blood brother Tripo Burović.Шаблон:Sfn During this battle mother of Perast captain Vicko Mažarević was kidnapped by the Ottomans and taken to Trebinje where she soon died.Шаблон:Sfn

Aftermath

Eight days after the battle Petar Zrinski, thrilled with the victory, visited Perast for three days and presented a sword of Vukša Stepanović to the town. The sword had inscriptions on Cyrillic and Latin scripts, with the presentation of double-headed eagle and short text.Шаблон:Sfn This sword is still preserved in Perast.

On 9 June 1654, Perast sent a delegation to Venice with the request to be abolished from paying taxes on their vine for next ten years. Venetian senate accepted their request.Шаблон:Sfn

Andrija Zmajević wrote a poem Boj peraški (Battle of Perast) dedicated to celebrating this event. Another poem (Spjevanje događaja boja peraškoga) about this battle was written by Perast Catholic friar Ivan Krušala.Шаблон:Sfn

References

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Sources

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Further reading

  • Serović, P. D., O starinskom maču, koji se čuva u Perastu, u Boki Kotorskoj, Narodna starina, Zagreb

Шаблон:Wars and battles involving Serbs

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  1. ↑ Pavao Butorac, Gospa od Škrpjela – Our Lady of the Rocks, Naklada Gospa od Škrpjela,1930, p.26
  2. ↑ Miloš Milošević, Boka Kotorska, Bar i Ulcinj od kraja 15. do kraja 17.vijeka, CID, Podgorica, 2008. godine, p.72
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