Английская Википедия:Beda people
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use Indian English The Beda people are a community of the Indian UT of Ladakh. They are mostly found in different parts Ladakh , where they practise their traditional occupation of musicianship. They are predominantly followers of the Muslim faith, although some are Buddhists. According to some scholars, they are an untouchable group, although others think that the situation is more nuanced.
Social interactions
The Beda live mostly in villages of the Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir state.Шаблон:Efn They share these villages with communities that are considered to be socially superior, such as the Ladakhi, Gara and Mon peoples.Шаблон:Sfnp
The Beda have virtually no input in the socio-political decisions relating to their villages.Шаблон:Sfnp Kim Gutschow, who is a professor of religion, says that they are considered to be untouchables by other communities in the region,Шаблон:Sfnp but the anthropologist Rann Singh Mann notes that the practices of social exclusion, submission to superiors and suchlike are not as rigid as can be found in other caste societies; for example, they are permitted to share the same sources of drinking water as the other communities.Шаблон:Sfnp Writing in 2002, Mann also said that "untouchability and some other caste prejudices are still missing" among the Buddhists in Ladakh society generally, although that might change as they become increasingly exposed to the caste mores found in other areas of India.Шаблон:Sfnp
The traditional occupation of the Beda is that of musicianship, with their preferred instrument being either the flute or the drum.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:SfnpШаблон:Efn In their role as musicians they are paid both with money and with food; the latter is often of a particular type for a given occasion, such as Sattu, grain or salt. Music at festivals and events celebrating such things as crop sowing, births and marriage are an important part of Ladakh culture but when not engaged in those, the Beda, who are mostly landless, work as agricultural labourers. A few, who are generally Buddhists and live in tents, make their living as itinerant beggars and are also known as Chankans.Шаблон:Sfnp
As with the other social groups with whom they share village life, the Beda are expected to be an endogamous community. Marriages outside of their own group are not usually recognised and connubial relationships of this sort are generally co-habitation arrangements, with the woman usually being from the higher-ranked group.Шаблон:Sfnp If a Ladakhi man forms a marriage-like relationship with a Beda woman then he is ostracised by his own community until such time as the relationship is regularised through the performance of the Chhomo Gango ceremony. The ceremony requires the man to spend 15–20 days bathing in the holy waters of the Ganges river.Шаблон:Sfnp
Religion
Some of the Beda people are Buddhists, although most are Muslim.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp Despite the Buddha himself being opposed to the idea of caste, their social status is such that they are not allowed to join Buddhist monastic orders as monks or nuns.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp According to Mann, this and the other aspects of social deprecation is probably because the "numerical strength and personal convenience" of the Ladakhi people "seems to have had an edge over [Buddhist] cultural traits".Шаблон:Sfnp
The Muslims among the Beda people tend to bury their dead, whilst the remainder prefer to cremate. The rules of communal interaction require that the dead are carried only by community members or those of a lower social group, which effectively means that the Bedas alone perform that duty for their own people because there is no lower group; while they could do the same for, say, a dead Ladakh person, a Ladakh does not carry a dead Beda person except in extremely rare and unusual situations.Шаблон:Sfnp
Official recognition
A survey recorded 319 Buddhist members.Шаблон:Sfnp
The Beda use a minority language that is not officially recognised by the Government of India. They write using the Bodhi script.Шаблон:Sfnp
References
Notes Шаблон:Notelist Citations Шаблон:Reflist Bibliography Шаблон:Refbegin
Further reading
Ladakh: The Individuality Vs State,Harish K. Thakur, India, New Delhi: Manas Publishers, 2014.
- Английская Википедия
- Scheduled Tribes of Jammu and Kashmir
- Musician castes
- Ethnic groups in Ladakh
- Dalit communities
- Buddhist communities of India
- Muslim communities of India
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