Английская Википедия:Bell UH-1Y Venom
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The Bell UH-1Y Venom[1] (also called Super Huey)[2] is a twin-engine, medium-sized utility helicopter built by Bell Helicopter under the H-1 upgrade program of the United States Marine Corps. One of the latest members of the numerous Huey family, the UH-1Y is also called "Yankee" after the NATO phonetic alphabet pronunciation of its variant letter.[3] Bell was originally to produce UH-1Ys by rebuilding UH-1Ns, but ultimately built them from scratch instead. In 2008, the UH-1Y entered service with the Marine Corps and also began full-rate production.[4] The aircraft replaced the USMC's UH-1N Twin Huey light utility helicopters, introduced in the early 1970s. The final UH-1Y was delivered in 2018.[5]
Development
Over the years, new avionics and radios, modern door guns, and safety upgrades have greatly increased the UH-1N's empty weight. With a maximum speed around Шаблон:Convert and an inability to lift much more than its own crew, fuel, and ammunition, the UH-1N had limited capabilities as a transport.Шаблон:Citation needed
In 1996, the United States Marine Corps launched the H-1 upgrade program. A contract was signed with Bell Helicopter for upgrading 100 UH-1Ns into UH-1Ys and upgrading 180 AH-1Ws into AH-1Zs.[6][7] The H-1 program modernized utility and attack helicopters with considerable design commonality to reduce operating costs. The UH-1Y and AH-1Z share a common tail boom, engines, rotor system, drivetrain, avionics architecture, software, controls, and displays for over 84% identical components.[8][9]
Originally, the UH-1Y was to have been remanufactured from UH-1N airframes, but in April 2005, approval was granted to build them as new helicopters.[4][10] Bell delivered two UH-1Ys to the U.S. Marine Corps in February 2008,[11] and full-rate production was begun in September 2009.[12] The Marine Corps purchased 160 Y-models to replace their inventory of N-models.[13]
Design
The UH-1Y variant modernizes the UH-1 design. The Y-model upgrades pilot avionics to a glass cockpit, adds further safety modifications, and provides the UH-1 with a modern forward-looking infrared system. Engine power was increased. Its most noticeable upgrade over previous variants is a four-blade, all-composite rotor system designed to withstand up to 23 mm rounds. By replacing the engines and the two-bladed rotor system with four composite blades, the Y-model returns the Huey to the utility role for which it was designed.
A Шаблон:Convert fuselage extension just forward of the main door was added for more capacity. The UH-1Y features upgraded transmissions and a digital cockpit with flat-panel multifunctional displays. Compared to the UH-1N, the Y-model has an increased payload, almost 50% greater range, a reduction in vibration, and higher cruising speed.[8][14][15]
Operational history
The UH-1Y and AH-1Z completed their developmental testing in early 2006.[16] During the first quarter of 2006 the UH-1Ys were transferred to the Operational Test Unit at NAS Patuxent River, where they began operational evaluation testing.[17] In February 2008, the UH-1Y and AH-1Z began the second and final portion of testing.[18] On 8 August 2008, the Marine Corps certified the UH-1Y as operationally capable, and it was deployed for the first time in January 2009 as part of the aviation combat element of the 13th Marine Expeditionary Unit.[19][20] The UH-1N Twin Huey was retired by the Marines in August 2014, making the UH-1Y the Marine Corps' standard utility helicopter.[21]
On 11 October 2017, the Defense Security Cooperation Agency notified the United States Congress of the potential sale of 12 UH-1Ys and related systems and support to the Czech Republic for a cost of US$575 million.[22] In December 2019, an order for eight UH-1Y helicopters was approved.[23][24]
Operators
- Czech Air Force (1 delivered, 7 remaining on order)[24] Another two to be transferred at no cost via the Excess Defense Articles program.[25]
Specifications
See also
References
External links
- UH-1Y Venom page on BellHelicopter.com
- UH-1Y Venom page on US Navy RDA site
- UH-1Y Venom page on GlobalSecurity.org
- "US Navy proposes more UH-1Ys, AH-1Zs despite test phase setback", Flight International, 22 August 2008.
Шаблон:Bell Aircraft Шаблон:Huey family Шаблон:US helicopters
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Rotorbreeze MagazineШаблон:Dead link. Bell, October 2006.
- ↑ Bruno, Michael. "Wynne Approves Buy Of New UH-1Y Hueys"Шаблон:Dead link. Aviation Week, 25 April 2005.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Morris, Jefferson. "Marine Corps Declares UH-1Y Operational"Шаблон:Dead link. Aviation Week, 18 August 2008.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 24,0 24,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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