Английская Википедия:Birmingham Set
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Distinguish Шаблон:Use dmy dates The Birmingham Set, sometimes called the Birmingham Colony,[1] the Pembroke Set or later The Brotherhood, was a group of students at the University of Oxford in England in the 1850s, most of whom were from Birmingham or had studied at King Edward's School, Birmingham.[2] Their importance as a group was largely within the visual arts, where they played a significant role in the birth of the Arts and Crafts Movement: The Set were intimately involved in the murals painted on the Oxford Union Society in 1857, and members William Morris, Edward Burne-Jones and Charles Faulkner were founding partners of Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. in 1861.
Activities and development
The group initially met every evening in the rooms of Charles Faulkner in Pembroke College,[3] though by 1856 its dominant figure was Edwin Hatch.[4]
The primary interests of the Birmingham Set were initially literary – they were admirers of Tennyson in particular[2] – and they also read the poetry of Shelley and Keats and the novels of Thackeray, Kingsley and Dickens.[5] The turning point in the group's interests took place when Morris and Burne-Jones, and through them the rest of the group, discovered the writings of Thomas Carlyle[6] and John Ruskin and took to visiting English country churches and making pilgrimages to the medieval cities of France and Belgium.[7]
In 1856 members of the Set published twelve monthly issues of the Oxford and Cambridge Magazine, which was created to propagate the group's views on aesthetics and social reform.[8]
Members
- Charles Joseph Faulkner
- Edward Burne-Jones
- William Morris
- Cormell Price
- Richard Watson Dixon
- Edwin Hatch
- William Fulford
- Harry MacDonald, brother of the MacDonald sisters[9]
References
Bibliography
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
- ↑ Mackail, J. W. (2011). The Life of William Morris. New York: Dover Publications. p. 38. Шаблон:ISBN.
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
