Английская Википедия:Bobby Hopper Tunnel
The Bobby Hopper Tunnel is a highway tunnel on Interstate 49 (I-49) in Arkansas, just north of the Crawford—Washington county line. It opened in 1999 to four lanes of traffic. No toll is charged.
Description
The tunnel's twin bores are each Шаблон:Convert long, Шаблон:Convert wide and Шаблон:Convert tall (as measured from the roadway to the top of the tunnel arch), allowing for two lanes of traffic and shoulder space in each bore. A prominent feature of the tunnel is the noticeably inclined gradient of each bore and its associated roadway. Southbound traffic experiences a significant descending gradient inside the tunnel, while northbound traffic experiences a corresponding ascending gradient.Шаблон:Citation needed Cross-passages occur every Шаблон:Convert allowing for five emergency ways in. Besides paved openings, the tunnel has traffic signals, lighting, message signs, carbon monoxide monitors, fire protection, and closed-circuit television systems to monitor traffic remotely at the Fort Smith highway department district headquarters.
The tunnel was named for the director of the Arkansas Highway Commission (a resident of nearby Springdale, Arkansas) during the time of its construction. While there are eight railway tunnels in Arkansas, the Bobby Hopper Tunnel is the only highway tunnel in the state.
History
U.S. Route 71 (US 71), once classified as "one of the most dangerous highways in America",Шаблон:Citation needed includes a perilous stretch between Alma and Fayetteville through the Ozark Plateau. Thus, construction of an alternate route was designed to make the trip safer, as well as reducing travel time. Approved in 1987 and completed in 1999, at a cost of $458 million, the alternate route, I-540, eventually renamed I-49,[1] had an obstacle of an unnamed Шаблон:Convert peak just north of the Washington—Crawford county line, in what John Haman of Arkansas Business called "smack in the middle of motoring wilderness."Шаблон:Citation needed A tunnel feasibility study was awarded to Garver USA, which subcontracted with Sverdrup Corporation of Maryland Heights, Missouri, and TapanAm Associates, Inc., of Kansas City, Missouri, to determine the best option—a tunnel. The alternative would disfigure the topography and necessitate a Шаблон:Convert cut creating Шаблон:Convert of debris to be disposed, as it was not usable within the project.
At an elevation of Шаблон:Convert above sea level, twin parallel tunnels were mined, not bored, through the mountain in a horseshoe contour, since a circular shape, like that used in sewer or train projects, was not needed. Blasting, drilling, and excavation removed native shale and sandstone rocks, slowly chipping to the desired width and length. The hollowed-out channel was lined with reinforced concrete, as were both openings.
References
External links
- Английская Википедия
- Tunnels in Arkansas
- Buildings and structures in Washington County, Arkansas
- Transportation in Washington County, Arkansas
- Tunnels completed in 1998
- Interstate 49
- Road tunnels in the United States
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- Википедия
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- Статья из Английской Википедии
