Английская Википедия:Bontoc language
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox language
Bontoc (Bontok) Шаблон:IPAc-en[1] (also called Finallig) is the native language of the indigenous Bontoc people of the Mountain Province, in the northern part of the Philippines.
Dialects
Ethnologue reports the following locations for each of the five Bontok languages. Speaker populations from the 2007 census, as quoted in Ethnologue.
- Central Bontok: spoken in Bontoc municipality, Mountain Province (in Bontoc ili, Caluttit, Dalican, Guina-ang, Ma-init, Maligcong, Samoki, and Tocucan villages). 19,600 speakers. Dialects are Khinina-ang, Finontok, Sinamoki, Jinallik, Minaligkhong and Tinokukan. [2]
- Eastern Bontok: spoken in Barlig municipality, eastern Mountain Province (in Barlig, Kadaklan, and Lias villages). 6,170 speakers. Dialects are Finallig, Kinajakran (Kenachakran) and Liniyas. [3]
- North Bontok: spoken in Sadanga municipality, northern Mountain Province (in Anabel, Bekigan, Belwang, Betwagan, Demang, Sacasacan, Saclit, and the municipal center of Sadanga Poblacion). There are also some speakers in southern Kalinga Province. 9,700 speakers.
- Southern Bontok: spoken to the south of Bontoc municipality in Talubin, Bayyo, and Can-eo towns. 2,760 speakers. Dialects are Tinoveng and Kanan-ew. [4]
- Southwestern Bontok: spoken in Bontoc municipality, Mountain Province (in Alab, Balili, Gonogon, and villages in the Chico River valley, southwest of the municipal capital Bontoc, along Halsema Highway). 2,470 speakers. Dialects are Ina-ab, Binalili and Ginonogon. [5]
Phonology
- The archiphoneme Шаблон:IPA has Шаблон:IPAblink, Шаблон:IPAblink, and Шаблон:IPAblink as its allophones.[6] The allophone Шаблон:IPAblink occurs word-initially, adjacent to Шаблон:IPAslink, as the second member of a consonant cluster consisting of a coronal consonant and Шаблон:IPA, and as the second member of any consonant cluster preceded by Шаблон:IPAslink. Шаблон:IPAblink occurs in free variation with Шаблон:IPAblink word-initially, but otherwise occurs in complementary distribution with it. Шаблон:IPAblink occurs in free variation with Шаблон:IPAblink and Шаблон:IPAblink word-initially, and with Шаблон:IPAblink elsewhere. These /r/ sounds are even applied to loanwords from Ilokano and Tagalog, and Spanish loanwords from the 2 languages.
- The plosives Шаблон:IPAslink, Шаблон:IPAslink, Шаблон:IPAslink, and Шаблон:IPAslink have, respectively, Шаблон:IPAblink (representing an interdental consonant), Шаблон:IPAblink, Шаблон:IPAblink, and Шаблон:IPAblink as their syllable-initial allophones.[6]
- The voiced stop Шаблон:IPAslink also has Шаблон:IPAblink and Шаблон:IPAblink as its allophones.[6] Both of these allophones occur as the first member of a geminate cluster. They are in free variation.
- The approximant Шаблон:IPAslink has one allophone: Шаблон:IPAblink. Шаблон:IPAblink occurs after Шаблон:IPAslink.[6]
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | Шаблон:IPA link | |
| Mid | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link |
| Close | Шаблон:IPA link | |
Шаблон:IPAslink becomes a slightly centralized Шаблон:IPAblink when in a syllable whose coda is Шаблон:IPAslink.[6] When in the nucleus, Шаблон:IPAslink and Шаблон:IPAslink are slightly raised and Шаблон:IPAslink is lowered. [6]
There are two degrees of stress in Bontoc: primary and secondary. Primary stress is phonemic and secondary stress is predictable. Both types are right-oriented and occur on one of the last three syllables. Stress's effects include higher pitch, louder volume, and lengthening of the syllable nucleus, though these are all subject to certain rules pertaining to word prosody. [6]
Example text
The Lord's Prayer
References
Further reading
External links
- Talking Dictionary of Khinina-ang Bontok - online Bontoc Dictionary based on the speech community of Guina-ang, compiled by Lawrence A. Reid
Шаблон:IgorotTribesmall Шаблон:Languages of the Philippines Шаблон:Philippine languages Шаблон:Austronesian languages
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Ethnologue, Central Bontok Шаблон:Subscription required
- ↑ Ethnologue, Eastern Bontok Шаблон:Subscription required
- ↑ Ethnologue, Southern Bontok Шаблон:Subscription required
- ↑ Ethnologue, Southwestern Bontok Шаблон:Subscription required
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 6,5 6,6 6,7 6,8 Шаблон:Cite journal
