Английская Википедия:Borromean nucleus

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Версия от 01:51, 11 февраля 2024; EducationBot (обсуждение | вклад) (Новая страница: «{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}} {{Nuclear physics}} A '''Borromean nucleus''' is an atomic nucleus comprising three bound components in which any subsystem of two components is unbound.<ref name=RMID>{{cite journal |last=Id Betan |first=R. M. |date=2017 |title=Cooper pairs in the Borromean nuclei <sup>6</sup>He and <sup>11</sup>Li using continuum single particle level density |journal=Nuclear Physics A |volume=9...»)
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Шаблон:Nuclear physics

A Borromean nucleus is an atomic nucleus comprising three bound components in which any subsystem of two components is unbound.[1] This has the consequence that if one component is removed, the remaining two comprise an unbound resonance, so that the original nucleus is split into three parts.[2]

The name is derived from the Borromean rings, a system of three linked rings in which no pair of rings is linked.[2]

Examples of Borromean nuclei

Many Borromean nuclei are light nuclei near the nuclear drip lines that have a nuclear halo and low nuclear binding energy. For example, the nuclei Шаблон:SimpleNuclide, Шаблон:SimpleNuclide, and Шаблон:SimpleNuclide each possess a two-neutron halo surrounding a core containing the remaining nucleons.[2][3] These are Borromean nuclei because the removal of either neutron from the halo will result in a resonance unbound to one-neutron emission, whereas the dineutron (the particles in the halo) is itself an unbound system.[1] Similarly, Шаблон:SimpleNuclide is a Borromean nucleus with a two-proton halo; both the diproton and Шаблон:SimpleNuclide are unbound.[4]

Additionally, Шаблон:SimpleNuclide is a Borromean nucleus comprising two alpha particles and a neutron;[3] the removal of any one component would produce one of the unbound resonances Шаблон:SimpleNuclide or Шаблон:SimpleNuclide.

Several Borromean nuclei such as Шаблон:SimpleNuclide and the Hoyle state (an excited resonance in Шаблон:SimpleNuclide) play an important role in nuclear astrophysics. Namely, these are three-body systems whose unbound components (formed from Шаблон:SimpleNuclide) are intermediate steps in the triple-alpha process; this limits the rate of production of heavier elements, for three bodies must react nearly simultaneously.[3]

Borromean nuclei consisting of more than three components can also exist. These also lie along the drip lines; for instance, Шаблон:SimpleNuclide is a five-body Borromean system with a four-neutron halo.[5] It is also possible that nuclides produced in the alpha process (such as Шаблон:SimpleNuclide and Шаблон:SimpleNuclide) may be clusters of alpha particles, having a similar structure to Borromean nuclei.[2]

Шаблон:As of, the heaviest known Borromean nucleus was Шаблон:SimpleNuclide.[6] Heavier species along the neutron drip line have since been observed; these and undiscovered heavier nuclei along the drip line are also likely to be Borromean nuclei with varying numbers (3, 5, 7, or more) of bodies.[5]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 Шаблон:Cite book
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
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