Английская Википедия:Botzinger complex
In mammals, the Bötzinger complex (BötC) is a group of neurons located in the rostral ventrolateral medulla, and ventral respiratory column. In the medulla, this group is located caudally to the facial nucleus and ventral to nucleus ambiguus.[1][2]
Function
The Bötzinger complex plays an important role in controlling breathing[3][4] and responding to hypoxia.[5][6] The Bötzinger complex consists primarily of glycinergic neurons[7] which inhibit respiratory activity. Of the respiratory cycle phases BötC generates post-inspiratory (Post-I) activity and augmenting expiratory (aug-e) activity.[8][9][10]
Name
The Bötzinger complex was named by UCLA Professor Jack Feldman in 1978, after a bottle of white wine named Botzinger present at his table during a scientific meeting in Hirschhorn, Germany, that year.Шаблон:Citation needed
Connections
The Bötzinger Complex has projections to
- Phrenic pre-motor neurons in the medulla[11]
- Phrenic motor neurons in the cervical spinal cord[12][13]
- The dorsal respiratory group (DRG) [12][14]
- Ventral respiratory group (VRG)[11][12][15]
- Pre-Bötzinger complex[16]
- Bötzinger complex [2][12][17][18]
- Parabrachial Kolliker-Fuse nucleus[19]
Only augmenting expiratory neurons of BötC, which are exclusively glycinergic, project to the phrenic nucleus.[20][13]
Projections to the Bötzinger complex include the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS)[21][22] the DRG and the VRG.[23]
Physiology
These neurons are intrinsic pacemakers.[24] Post-I neurons display an initial burst of activity followed by decrease in activity at the end of inspiration. Aug-E neurons begin firing during the E2 phase and end before the phrenic nerve burst.[18][25]
References
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 12,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 18,0 18,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal