Английская Википедия:Bouvines-class ironclad
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship class overviewШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics
The Bouvines class consisted of a pair of ironclad coastal-defense ships built for the French Navy (Шаблон:Lang) in the 1890s, Шаблон:Ship and Шаблон:Ship. Thoroughly obsolete by World War I, the ships only played a minor role during the war. They were sold for scrap in 1920.
Design and description
In 1887 preliminary design work began on an armored coast-defence ship intended to serve as the centerpiece of a group of torpedo boats under the auspices of Admiral Théophile Aube, Minister of the Navy and Colonies, and an ardent exponent of the Шаблон:Lang (Young School) of naval strategy that believed in the primacy of coastal defences and commerce raiding. The torpedo warfare role was eventually dropped and four coast-defence ironclads, the Шаблон:Sclass and the Bouvines classes, were ordered in 1889.[1]
The Bouvines-class ships were half-sisters to the Jemmapes class laid down at the same time. They were virtually identical except that the Bouvines were given a forecastle deck to improve seaworthiness and the main armament was lightened to compensate for the additional weight, as Шаблон:Convert guns were installed rather than the 340 mm (13.4 in) guns of the Jemmapes class.[2]
Bouvines and Amiral Tréhouart were Шаблон:Convert long at the waterline and Шаблон:Convert long overall. They had a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a draft of Шаблон:Convert forward and Шаблон:Convert aft. They were only slightly heavier than the Jemmapes class and displaced Шаблон:Convert, only Шаблон:Convert more than the other ships. Bouvines had a metacentric height of Шаблон:Convert. Once in service they proved to roll badly so bilge keels were later fitted. Their crew numbered 15 officers and 318 ratings; service as a flagship added 5 more officers and 33 more ratings.[3]
The Bouvines-class ships used two inclined horizontal triple-expansion steam engines built by Menpenti of Marseilles, one engine per shaft. BouvinesШаблон:'s engines were powered by 16Шаблон:Refn d'Allest-Lagrafel water-tube boilers and had two funnels, but Amiral Tréhouart used the same number of Belleville boilers instead and had only one funnel. The engines produced a total of Шаблон:Convert and gave a top speed of Шаблон:Convert on trials. The ships carried a maximum of Шаблон:Convert of coal which allowed them to steam for Шаблон:Convert at a speed of Шаблон:Convert.[4]
Armament and armor
Like the Jemmapes class, the Bouvines-class ships carried their main armament of two 45-caliber Canon de 305 mm Modèle 1887 guns in two single-gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure. The guns fired Шаблон:Convert projectiles at the rate of one round per minute at a muzzle velocity of approximately Шаблон:Convert.[5] The guns could be depressed to −4° and elevation to +10°.[3]
The ships' secondary armament consisted of eight 53-caliber [[Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891|Canon de Шаблон:Cvt Modèle 1892 guns]], four of which were mounted in individual casemates. The other four were carried on pivot mounts with gun shields on the shelter deck directly above the four casemated guns on the corners of the superstructure.[6] The guns fired Шаблон:Convert shells at a muzzle velocity of Шаблон:Convert.[7]
Initially four 40-caliber Шаблон:Convert Canon de 47 mm Modèle 1885 Hotchkiss guns were carried for defence from torpedo boats in the fighting top in the military mast, but this was later increased to eight, with the new guns on the superstructure.[3] They fired a Шаблон:Convert projectile at Шаблон:Convert to a maximum range of Шаблон:Convert.[8] Initially ten Шаблон:Convert Hotchkiss revolving cannon were positioned on the superstructure, but this was reduced to three when the additional 47 mm guns were added. Two Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes were mounted above the waterline, but they were removed in 1906.[3]
The armor of the Bouvines-class ships weighted Шаблон:Convert. They had a complete waterline armor belt of steel that tapered from the maximum thickness of Шаблон:Convert amidships to Шаблон:Convert at the ship's ends. The belt's height was an average of Шаблон:Convert, but increased to Шаблон:Convert at the bow and to Шаблон:Convert at the stern. The ships were intended to have Шаблон:Convert of the belt showing above the waterline, but they were overweight as completed and only Шаблон:Convert of the belt was above the waterline. The hull above the belt was completely unarmored. The maximum thickness of the armored deck was Шаблон:Convert and it was joined to the top of the armor belt. The main turret armor was Шаблон:Convert thick although the barbettes were only Шаблон:Convert thick. The plates protecting the conning tower measured Шаблон:Convert in thickness.[9]
Ships
Bouvines was authorized in the Supplementary Estimates of 1889 although Amiral Tréhouart had been authorized in the 1889 Ordinary Naval Estimates with the name of Tréhouart, although she was renamed on 25 March 1895.[10] Bouvines was ordered on 18 December 1889.[6]
| Name | Namesake[11] | Builder[4] | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Fate[11] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Ship | François Thomas Tréhouart | Arsenal de Lorient | 20 October 1890[10] | 16 May 1893[10] | 29 June 1896[10] | Sold for scrap, 4 July 1920[10] |
| Шаблон:Ship | Battle of Bouvines | Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée, La Seyne-sur-Mer | 30 September 1890[4] | 23 March 1892[4] | 1 December 1895[4] | Sold for scrap, 19 June 1920[12] |
History
Bouvines served as a flagship for the entirety of her active service where she served both in the Northern Squadron and Channel Flotilla in the Bay of Biscay and the English Channel as well as in the Mediterranean Squadron. She was stricken on 1 July 1913 and was used by the Inspection Service at Cherbourg between 1914 and 1917. She was condemned in 1918 and sold for scrapping in 1920.[3]
Little is known of Amiral TréhouartШаблон:'s career other than she served as a submarine tender during World War I.[2]
Notes
Citations
References
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
External links
Шаблон:Bouvines-class ironclad Шаблон:French ironclads
- ↑ Ropp, p. 173
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 301
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 Sturton, p. 177
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 Gille, p. 83
- ↑ Friedman, p. 210
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 de la Loge d'Ausson, p. 21
- ↑ Friedman, p. 226
- ↑ Friedman, p. 228
- ↑ Sturton, pp. 177–178
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 10,3 10,4 Silverstone, p. 88
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 Silverstone, pp. 88, 91
- ↑ Silverstone, p. 91
