Английская Википедия:Brienz/Brinzauls
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox Swiss town Brienz/Brinzauls (Шаблон:Lang-rm) is a former municipality in the district of Albula in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2015, the former municipalities of Alvaschein, Mon, Stierva, Tiefencastel, Alvaneu, Brienz/Brinzauls and Surava merged to form the new municipality of Albula/Alvra.[1]
The majority of the population speaks Swiss German, with a large Romansh-speaking minority.
History
Brienz/Brinzauls is first mentioned around 840 as Brienzola.[2]
By the 12th century the village was an economic center for the Bishop of Chur. The Lords of Brienz were first mentioned as the owners of a fortified tower in the village in 1259. The tower fell into ruin and was demolished in 1880. Until 1851, the village was part of the Herrschaft of Belfort. Between 1869 and 1883, Brienz/Brinzauls and Surava were united into a single political municipality. In 1874, a fire damaged or destroyed much of the village.[2]
The village church was first mentioned in 840. In 1519, St. Calixtus became the patron saint of this church. In 1526, it separated from the parish of Lantsch/Lenz to become a parish. In 1725, Surava separated from Brienz/Brinzauls to form its own parish.[2]
In 1870–73, the Landwasserstrasse was built which helped connect the village to the rest of the country. Beginning in the 1960s, the number of local farmers began to drop,Шаблон:Why? however agriculture still remains important. In 1990, about 43% of all jobs in the municipality were in agriculture. In 1860, the entire population spoke Romansh. By 1990, it had dropped to only 58%.[2]
On 9 May 2023, all residents were ordered to evacuate the village due to the determination by geologists that Шаблон:Convert of rock from the mountain above was expected to collapse into the valley that includes the village.[3][4] At that time, the population of the village was less than 100 residents. A researcher at the University of Cambridge attributed the impending collapse, expected within a week to 24 days, to climate change that is driving glacier melt in the Alps.[5] Simon Löw, emeritus professor of Engineering Geology at ETH Zurich, disputed a link to climate change, citing the lack of thawing permafrost and any correlation between annual rainfall and the speed at which the slope slides.[6] Two roads and a railway line were also closed. There was, as predicted, a massive rockfall on the night of 15–16 June 2023 which stopped just before the village, with no damage reported to the buildings.[7] Municipal officials ended the evacuation of the village on 3 July, while emphasizing that future evacuations could remain necessary.[8]
Geography
Before the merger, Brienz/Brinzauls had a total area of Шаблон:Convert.[9] Of this area, 22.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 50.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 2.1% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (24.3%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).[9]
The village is located north of the Albula River on the road from Lenzerheide to Davos. It is a Haufendorf (an irregular, unplanned and quite closely packed village, built around a central square) on a terrace to the north and above the river.
It consists of the village of Brienz/Brinzauls and the hamlet of Vazerol at the Julier Pass. Until 1996, Brienz/Brinzauls was known as Brienz (GR).[10]
Demographics
Шаблон:Update section Brienz/Brinzauls had a population (as of 2013) of 128.[9] Шаблон:As of, 1.9% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -12.6%. Most of the population (Шаблон:As of) speaks German (68.4%), with the rest speaking Romansh (31.6%).[9]
Шаблон:As of, the gender distribution of the population was 50.0% male and 50.0% female.[11] The age distribution, Шаблон:As of, in Brienz/Brinzauls is; 14 people or 12.0% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old. Eight people or 6.8% are 10 to 14, and two people or 1.7% are 15 to 19. Of the adult population, 12 people or 10.3% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. Nineteen people or 16.2% are 30 to 39, 16 people or 13.7% are 40 to 49, and five people or 4.3% are 50 to 59. The senior population distribution is 24 people or 20.5% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 15 people or 12.8% are 70 to 79, there are two people or 1.7% who are 80 to 89.[12]
In the 2007 federal election, the most popular party was the SVP which received 50.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP (30%), the SPS (12.5%) and the FDP (6.9%).[9]
The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Brienz/Brinzauls, about 66.1% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).[9]
Brienz/Brinzauls has an unemployment rate of 0.72%. Шаблон:As of, there were 10 people employed in the primary economic sector and about four businesses involved in this sector. Six people are employed in the secondary sector and there are two businesses in this sector. Four people are employed in the tertiary sector, with two businesses in this sector.[9]
The historical population is given in the following table:[2]
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 1850 | 191 |
| 1860 | 205 |
| 1888 | 146 |
| 1900 | 158 |
| 1941 | 186 |
| 1950 | 172 |
| 1980 | 95 |
| 1990 | 112 |
| 2000 | 117 |
References
Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:Commons category
External links
- Salome Müller: Abwärts - Untertitel: Seit Jahrtausenden rutscht der Berg über dem Dorf Brienz in den Schweizer Alpen. Und das Dorf rutscht mit. Bald aber droht ein gewaltiger Bergsturz, der den Ort verschütten könnte. (germ: Downwards) In: Die Zeit (Bezahlartikel) Nr. 17/2023, p. 33 on 19 April 2023; Audio-Version (12 min.) and online. Cit: … Frühwarnsystem kündigt jetzt den Ernstfall an. … bis Ende des Jahres (German: Rockfall Clash will/may come in 2023 and destroy … . Look at Landslide classification.)
- ↑ Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office Шаблон:In lang accessed 2 January 2013
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 Шаблон:HDS
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 9,4 9,5 9,6 Swiss Federal Statistical Office Шаблон:Webarchive accessed 15 January 2015
- ↑ Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office Шаблон:In lang accessed 23 September 2009
- ↑ Graubunden in Numbers Шаблон:Webarchive Шаблон:In lang accessed 21 September 2009
- ↑ Graubunden Population Statistics Шаблон:Webarchive Шаблон:In lang accessed 21 September 2009
