Английская Википедия:Calochortus nuttallii

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Файл:Calochortus nuttallii Sego lily Utah.jpg
Near Kolob Canyon in Zion National Park, Utah

Calochortus nuttallii, also known as the sego lily, is a bulbous perennial plant that is endemic to the Western United States. The common name of sego comes from a similar Shoshone word. It is the state flower of Utah.[1]

Distribution and habitat

The plant is native to a number of western states, being found throughout Utah and Wyoming, large parts of eastern Nevada, and parts of Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico.[2][3] It grows in dry, brushy or grassy slopes and desert high country.[4]

Description

Файл:Sego or Mariposa Lily (NGM XXXI p512).jpg
Painting by Mary E. Eaton[1]

Calochortus nuttallii are around 15–45 cm (6–18 inches) in height and have linear leaves.[2]

Plants have 1 to 4 flowers, each with 3 white petals (and 3 sepals) which are tinged with lilac (occasionally magenta) and have a purplish band radiating from the yellow base. A yellow petaled form with deep purple bands is known from Petrified Forest National Park.[5] The yellow petaled form was also observed in a "super bloom" near the Orange Cliffs District of Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, on the north side of the Colorado River near Hite, Utah in May 2019. The plant blooms in early summer, with flowers that can be up to 3 inches across.[6][7]

Taxonomy

Calochortus nuttallii is a species within the genus Calochortus, in a sub-group generally referred to as Mariposa Lilies. The specific epithet nuttallii, named for the English botanist and zoologist, Thomas Nuttall, was ascribed to the species by the American botanists John Torrey and Asa Gray when it was officially described in 1857.[8]

Former varieties

A number of former varieties of Calochortus nuttallii have been reclassified as distinct species:

[9][10]

Names

The common name "sego lily" is believed to be derived from a Shoshoni language word for the species, "sikoo".[11][12]

Uses

Culinary

Native Americans had culinary uses for the bulbs, seeds, and flowers of the plant. Bulbs were roasted, boiled, or made into a porridge by the Hopi, Havasupai, Navajo, Southern Paiute, Gosiute, and Ute peoples.[13][14][15] The Hopi used the yellow flower ceremonially.

The Shoshone taught the Mormon pioneer immigrants to use the bulb for badly needed food. This resulted in the sego lily being formally designated as the Utah State Flower in 1911.[16][17] Sego is derived from the Shoshone word seego.[18] The sego lily was commemorated by the Sego Lily Dam, a flood-prevention infrastructure project in the shape of a giant sego lily, built in Sugar House Park in Salt Lake City in 2017.[19]

However, the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service strongly cautions foragers that the many highly toxic plants commonly called deathcamas grow in the same habitat as Calochortus nuttallii and can be easily confused with it when flowers are not present.[20]

Cultivation

Calochortus nuttallii is cultivated as an ornamental plant for its attractive tulip-shaped flowers and to attract/support native pollinator species.[21] They are intollerant of excessive water, both in dormancy and while growing. To support healthy growth they need a well drained soil, but not excessively sandy with very little organic matter. In relatively dry climates sego lilies accept either part shade or full sun conditions.[22] Plants can be propagated from newly formed bulblets which take two years to flower.[23] In climates with more rainfall than its native habitat additional measures to protect the bulbs from rotting are critical. The writer Claude A. Barr found that 8 centimeters or more of gravel no more than 7.5 centimeters under the bulbs remedied this problem.[22]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:US state flowers Шаблон:Taxonbar

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Source: "Our State Flowers: The Floral Emblems Chosen by the Commonwealths", The National Geographic Magazine, XXXI (June 1917), p. 512.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Northern Arizona University: Petrified Forest Nat'l Park, Arizona. Yellow Sego Lilies (Calochortus nuttalli)
  6. ↑ NPIN: Calochortus nuttalli
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite POWO
  9. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок g не указан текст
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Dead link
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ University of Michigan at Dearborn: Native American Ethnobotany of Calochortus nuttallii
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ NPIN: Calochortus nuttallii
  22. ↑ 22,0 22,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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