Английская Википедия:Cambrian Mills
Шаблон:For Шаблон:Distinguish Шаблон:Infobox factory The Cambrian Mills was a complex of woollen mill buildings in Newtown, Powys, Wales, that operated from 1856 to 1912, when they were destroyed by fire. At one time the mill complex was the largest woollen daddy in Wales. The mills owed their success to the pioneering mail order business of the local Newtown draper Pryce Pryce-Jones. In the longer term they were unable to compete with woollen mills in northern England due to the cost of importing coal to power the machinery and the lack of rail links to their natural market in the south of Wales.
Early years (1856–65)
The Cambrian Mills, which opened in 1856, were the first steam-driven mills in Newton.Шаблон:Sfn The mill complex was beside the canal terminus on the east bank of the Severn.Шаблон:Sfn The Cambrian Mill was built in 1861 and rebuilt in 1875.Шаблон:Sfn They expanded to become the largest Welsh woollen mills.Шаблон:Sfn
The local Newtown draper Pryce Pryce-Jones exploited the railway to found the first mail-order business for his flannel clothes.Шаблон:Sfn Pryce Jones launched his mail order business in 1859, selling Welsh flannels to local people. He had impressive ability as a promoter, and was personally responsible for the success of the Newtown flannel industry in the last part of the 19th century. By the end of the 1860s he was able to claim that Florence Nightingale and Queen Victoria were among his loyal customers.Шаблон:Sfn
Success (1865–82)
In 1865 the Cambrian Flannel Company of Newtown and Llanidloes was established with the backing of MP Sir Charles Hanbury Tracy, and acquired many of the mills in both Newtown and Llanidloes. The company bought the Cambrian Mill complex in 1866.Шаблон:Sfn The company modernized the factory so it was the most advanced facility in Wales. It diversified into making plain and coloured flannels, shawls, whittles, hose and tweeds. The company expanded further in 1873 and became the Welsh Woollen Manufacturing Company, and made further upgrades to the Cambrian Mills.Шаблон:Sfn The company brought in experienced tweed workers from Scotland. A row of brick houses was built in 1875 for these workers and their families.Шаблон:Sfn In 1879 Pryce-Jones opened a large Royal Welsh Warehouse opposite the Newtown railway station.Шаблон:Sfn
Decline and destruction (1882–1912)
Later the Newtown woollen industry again went into decline.Шаблон:Sfn The Welsh Woollen Manufacturing Company had over-extended itself and went bankrupt in 1882, and the Severn Tweed Company acquired the Cambrian Mill.Шаблон:Sfn There was no local coal to power the machinery, and importing coal added to costs. Also, there was no direct railway to carry the flannels to the South Wales Coalfield, where they would have been in demand. Instead, they had to be shipped to northern England, where there was intense competition from local mills. The Pryce-Jones "Welsh" flannel was eventually mostly made in Rochdale, Lancashire.Шаблон:Sfn
The steam engines were very inefficient and used Шаблон:Convert of slack coal per horsepower/hour. At the start of 1891 the Severn Tweed Company replaced them with much more cost-effective gas motors.Шаблон:Sfn However, by the end of the 19th century the mills in Newton were no longer competitive with those in the north of England.Шаблон:Sfn There was a disastrous fire in 1910, and another in 1912, after which the mill was not rebuilt.Шаблон:Sfn After the Cambrian Mills closed, Newtown was no longer an important woollen industrial centre and many of the workers moved elsewhere. Price-Jones's company remained profitable until the Great Depression. It was sold to a firm in Liverpool in 1938.Шаблон:Sfn The site today is the Cambrian Gardens district of Newtown.Шаблон:Sfn
Notes
Sources
Шаблон:Refend Шаблон:Authority control
- Английская Википедия
- Textile mills in Wales
- Buildings and structures in Powys
- 1856 establishments in Wales
- 1912 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
- Newtown, Powys
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- Википедия
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