Английская Википедия:Castela emoryi
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other uses Шаблон:Speciesbox
Castela emoryi, with the common names crucifixion thorn, Emory's crucifixion-thorn, and Шаблон:Lang-es,[1] is a shrub species in the genus Castela of the family Simaroubaceae.[2]
Distribution
The plant is native to the Mojave Desert and Sonoran Deserts of North America.
It is found in southern California, Arizona, and Sonora state (México).[2]
The species is dioecious and occurs in the moistest areas in the hottest, driest deserts within its range; it is considered poor in germination.[3]
Description
Castela emoryi is often less than Шаблон:Convert, and occasionally to grows Шаблон:Convert or more.[4]
Crucifixion thorn is mostly leafless,[5] [3] its sharp branches are green and perform photosynthesis.[6] Seeds are contained in clusters of fruit in groups of 5. The fruit is tan, green, red or brown in color, turning black with age. and may persist on the tree for several years.[7]
It is ranked on the California Native Plant Society Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants, as an endangered species within California, and more common elsewhere.[8] It is threatened by solar energy development and military activities within its California range.[8] The species is classified as "Salvage restricted" in Arizona.[1] [9]
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green thorns
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fruit cluster
Ecology
Castela emoryi is one of the few plants in its habitat that blooms in the mid-summer heat, and serves as an important source of resources for insects during that time. Its nectar is collected by ants, and pollination is performed by wasps and bees, [1] particularly bumblebees. [10]
Uses
The Yavapai people traditionally used this as a medicinal plant, making a dermatological aid from its bud's sap.[11]
Insecticide and fungicide
Castela emoryi is a Шаблон:C. It contains quassinoids such as glaucarubolone glucoside which has antifeedant properties against termites such as Reticulitermes flavipes,[12] or potential fungicidal activity for the control of grape downy mildew.[13]
It also contains glaucarubol, a compound characteristic of the family, ellagic acid, betulin and (—)-syringaresinol.[14]
References
External links
- Шаблон:Commons category-inline
- Шаблон:Wikispecies-inline
- CalFlora Database: Castela emoryi (Cricifixion Thorn)
- Jepson Flora Project treatment of Castela emoryi
- UC Photos gallery — Castela emoryi
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ CalFlora: Castela emoryi
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 California Native Plant Society−CNPS, Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants: Castela emoryi . accessed 9.9.2015.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ University of Michigan at Dearborn: Native American Ethnobotany for Castela emoryi
- ↑ Antifeedant properties of natural products from Parthenium argentatum, Parthenium argentatum, ×Parthenium tomentosum (Asteraceae) and Castela emoryi (Simaroubeaceae) against Reticulitermes flavipes. Carmen Gutiérrez, Azucena Gonzalez-Coloma and Joseph J. Hoffmann, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 10, Issue 1, June 1999, Pages 35–40, Шаблон:Doi
- ↑ Glaucarubolone glucoside, a potential fungicidal agent for the control of grape downy mildew. Joseph J. Hoffmann, Shivanand D. Jolad, Louis K. Hutter, Steven P. McLaughlin, Steven D. Savage, Scott D. Cunningham, Jean Luc. Genet and George R. Ramsey, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992, 40 (6), pages 1056–1057, Шаблон:Doi
- ↑ Constituents of holacantha emoryi. W. Stöcklin, L.B. De Silva and T.A. Geissman, Phytochemistry, Volume 8, Issue 8, August 1969, Pages 1565–1569, Шаблон:Doi
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- Английская Википедия
- Simaroubaceae
- Flora of the California desert regions
- Flora of Arizona
- Flora of Sonora
- Flora of the Sonoran Deserts
- Natural history of the Colorado Desert
- Natural history of the Mojave Desert
- Plant toxin insecticides
- Plants used in traditional Native American medicine
- Plants described in 1968
- Taxa named by Reid Venable Moran
- Flora without expected TNC conservation status
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