Английская Википедия:Catalan Republic (1931)

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Шаблон:About Шаблон:Infobox country

The Catalan Republic (Шаблон:Lang-ca, Шаблон:IPA-ca) was a state proclaimed in 1931 by Francesc Macià as the "Catalan Republic within the Iberian Federation",[1][2] in the context of the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic. It was proclaimed on 14 April 1931, and superseded three days later, on 17 April, by the Generalitat de Catalunya, the Catalan institution of self-government within the Spanish Republic.[3]

History

Файл:Proclamació Segona República Francesc Macià. Amadeu Aragay. 14 abril 1931.jpg
Proclamation of the Catalan Republic in Plaça de Sant Jaume by Francesc Macià, Barcelona, 14 April 1931
Файл:Francesc Macia.JPG
Francesc Macià i Llussà
Файл:Ban de proclamació de la República Catalana.pdf
Copy of the Proclamation of the Catalan Republic published on the afternoon of April 14

After the Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera, Spanish republican parties agreed through the Pact of San Sebastián (17 August 1930) to prepare for a change of regime in case of victories in upcoming elections. In this project, there was a provision for the political autonomy of Catalonia, within the Spanish Republic. On 12 April 1931, local elections gave a large and unexpected majority in Catalonia (including Barcelona) to the Republican Left of Catalonia[4] (Шаблон:Lang-ca, ERC), a party that had been founded three weeks earlier by the union of Macià's pro-independence Estat Català, the Catalan Republican Party, led by Lluís Companys, and the L'Opinió group. Two days later (14 April), few hours before the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in Madrid, ERC's leader, Francesc Macià, proclaimed the "Catalan Republic" from the balcony of the Palau de the Generalitat (then the seat of the Provincial Deputation of Barcelona), "expecting that the other peoples of Spain would constitute themselves as republics, in order to establish an Iberian Confederation".[5] The proclamation of Macià was preceded by a proclamation of the Spanish Republic by another ERC member, Lluís Companys, from the balcony of the City Hall, and the Catalan and Spanish Republic flags were hoisted from the balcony.[6][7] Francesc Macià proclaimed himself president of Catalonia,[8] and ratified in this position by the elected councillors of Barcelona.[9]

Macià immediately dismissed General Шаблон:Ill, chief of the Spanish Army in Catalonia, appointing in his place General López Ochoa, who was loyal to the new republican government,Шаблон:Sfn while Companys was designated civil governor of Barcelona and Jaume Aiguader became mayor of Barcelona. The jurist Шаблон:Ill was appointed president of the Territorial Audience of Barcelona[10] (the highest court of justice in Catalonia at the time). Helped by socialist Manuel Serra i Moret, he also appointed the ministers of the Catalan government, dominated by the Republican Left of Catalonia. He included among his ministers a member of the Radical Republican Party, a member of the UGT trade union, a member of Catalan Action, as well as two representatives from the Socialist Union of Catalonia, but none from the previously hegemonic and conservative Regionalist League. (In the streets many citizens clamored against the leader of the League, chanting "Long live Macià and death to Cambó!").[11] Macià even offered a ministry to the anarchist trade union CNT, but the anarcho-syndicalist organization finally refused to participate, claiming its traditional apoliticism.[12]

The provisional government of the Catalan Republic was made up of:[13]

The next steps of the new Catalan Government involved taking control of the territory. It ordered every municipality in Catalonia to ensure the proclamation of the Republic. It also appointed delegates of the government in the provinces of Girona, Lleida and Tarragona. A volunteer militia, the Civic Republican Guard (Catalan: Guàrdia Cívica Republicana) was raised in order to protect the Palace of the Generalitat and the sourrondings. On 15 April, a decree making Catalan the official language was passed.[14] On the same day, Macià signed a decree allowing freedom of broadcast time to Шаблон:Ill.[15] On 16 April, the first issue of the Official Journal of the Catalan Republic (Diari Oficial de la República Catalana) was published.[16]

On 17 April, three days after the proclamation, the provisional government of the new Spanish Republic, concerned about this proclamation and the duality of powers it created, sent three ministers (Fernando de los Ríos from the PSOE, Lluís Nicolau d'Olwer from Catalan Action and Marcel·lí Domingo from the Radical Socialist Republican Party) to Barcelona in order to negotiate with Macià and the Catalan provisional government. After some hours of intense debates, Macià reached an agreement with the three ministers,[17] in which the government of the Catalan Republic was renamed the Generalitat of Catalonia (Catalan: Generalitat de Catalunya), becoming a Catalan institution of self-government within the Spanish Republic,[18][19] that would be granted a Statute of Autonomy in 1932 after the elections for Spain's Parliament (Cortes Generales).[20] Francesc Macià would become the President of the Generalitat of Catalonia (officially appointed in November 1932 by the newly elected Parliament of Catalonia), a position he held until his death on 25 December 1933.[21]

See also

Шаблон:History of Catalonia

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources and bibliography

  • Sobrequés i Callicó, Jaume. Catalunya i la Segona República. Edicions d'Ara (Barcelona, 1983) Шаблон:ISBN
  • Pelegrí i Partegàs, Joan. Les primeres 72 hores de la República Catalana. Fundació President Macià (Barcelona, 1993) Шаблон:ISBN
  • Roglan, Joaquim. 14 d'abril: la Catalunya republicana (1931-1939). Cossetània Edicions (2006) Шаблон:ISBN
  • Шаблон:Cite book

External links

Шаблон:Coord missing

Шаблон:Catalonia topics

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Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  5. ↑ Juliá, Santos (2009). La Constitución de 1931. Lustel, Madrid pp. 31-32 Шаблон:ISBN
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  11. ↑ Balcells, Albert (2006). «El reto de Cataluña». La Aventura de la Historia (15). ISSN 1579-427X.
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ First issue of the Official Journal of the Catalan Republic, 16 April 1931. dogc.gencat.cat
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  19. ↑ Carr, Raymond. Modern Spain: 1975-1980. Oxford University Press, 1980, p.xvi.
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
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