Английская Википедия:Century
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Redirect A century is a period of 100 years. Centuries are numbered ordinally in English and many other languages. The word century comes from the Latin centum, meaning one hundred. Century is sometimes abbreviated as c.[1]
A centennial or centenary is a hundredth anniversary, or a celebration of this, typically the remembrance of an event which took place a hundred years earlier.
A century from now will be 03:24, 23 август 2124 (UTC time).
Start and end of centuries
Although a century can mean any arbitrary period of 100 years, there are two viewpoints on the nature of standard centuries. One is based on strict construction, while the other is based on popular perception.
According to the strict construction, the 1st century AD began with AD 1 and ended with AD 100, the 2nd century spanning the years 101 to 200, with the same pattern continuing onward.Шаблон:NoteTag In this model, the n-th century starts with the year that ends with "01", and ends with the year that ends with "00"; for example, the 20th century comprises the years 1901 to 2000 in strict usage.[2]
In popular perception and practice, centuries are structured by grouping years based on sharing the 'hundreds' digit(s). In this model, the n-th century starts with the year that ends in "00" and ends with the year ending in "99";[3] for example, the years 1900 to 1999, in popular culture, constitute the 20th century.[4] (This is similar to the grouping of "0-to-9 decades" which share the 'tens' digit.)
To facilitate calendrical calculations by computer, the astronomical year numbering and ISO 8601 systems both contain a year zero, with the astronomical year 0 corresponding to the year 1 BCE, the astronomical year -1 corresponding to 2 BCE, and so on.[5][6]
Year | 2 BC | 1 BC | 1 | 2 | ... | 99 | 100 | 101 | 102 | ... | 199 | 200 | 201 | 202 | ... | 1899 | 1900 | 1901 | 1902 | ... | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | ... | 2024 | ... | 2099 | 2100 | 2101 | 2102 | ... |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Strict | 1st century BC | 1st century | 2nd century | 3rd century | ... | 19th century | 20th century | 21st century | 22nd century | ... | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Popular | 1st century BC | 1st century | 2nd century | 3rd century | ... | 19th century | 20th century | 21st century | 22nd century | ... |
Alternative naming systems
Шаблон:Unreferenced section Informally, years may be referred to in groups based on the hundreds part of the year. In this system, the years 1900–1999 are referred to as the nineteen hundreds (1900s). Aside from English usage, this system is used in Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Finnish and Hungarian. The Swedish Шаблон:Lang (or Шаблон:Lang), Danish Шаблон:Lang (or Шаблон:Lang), Norwegian Шаблон:Lang (or Шаблон:Lang), Finnish Шаблон:Lang (or Шаблон:Lang) and Hungarian Шаблон:Lang (or Шаблон:Lang) refer unambiguously to the years 1900–1999. In Swedish, however, a century is in more rare cases referred to as Шаблон:Lang ("the n-th century") rather than Шаблон:Lang, i.e. the 17th century is (in rare cases) referred to as 17:(d)e seklet/sjuttonde seklet rather than 1600-talet,[7] and the years 1501 to 1600 is (according to Svenska Akademiens ordbok) referred to as sextonde århundradet ("the sixteenth century") and also distinctly separated from femtonhundratalet ("the 1500s"; the years 1500 to 1599).[8]
Italian also has a similar system, but it only expresses the hundreds and omits the word for 'thousand'. This system mainly functions from the 11th to the 20th century:
- Шаблон:Lang (that is 'the four hundred', the 15th century)
- Шаблон:Lang (that is 'the five hundred', the 16th century).
These terms are often used in other languages when referring to the history of Italy.
Similar dating units in other calendar systems
While the century has been commonly used in the West, other cultures and calendars have utilized differently sized groups of years in a similar manner. The Hindu calendar, in particular, summarizes its years into groups of 60,[9] while the Aztec calendar considers groups of 52.[10]
See also
Шаблон:Wiktionary Шаблон:Commons category multi
- Age of Discovery
- Ancient history
- Before Christ
- Common Era
- Decade
- List of decades, centuries, and millennia
- Lustrum
- Middle Ages
- Millennium
- Modern era
- Saeculum
- Year
Notes
References
Bibliography
- The Battle of the CenturiesШаблон:Dead link, Ruth Freitag, U.S. Government Printing Office. Available from the Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250- 7954. Cite stock no. 030-001-00153-9. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
Шаблон:Time measurement and standards