Английская Википедия:Characteristics of common wasps and bees
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While observers can easily confuse common wasps and bees at a distance or without close observation, there are many different characteristics of large bees and wasps that can be used to identify them.
Characteristics
| Шаблон:Nbsp | Bees (Family: Apidae) | Wasps (Family: Vespidae) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Western honey bee | Bumblebee | Paper wasp | Yellowjacket | Bald-faced hornet | European hornet | Asian giant hornet |
| Image | Файл:Apis mellifera Female on white background.jpg | Файл:Bombus fraternus, f, ga, baker, side (16429111109) -white background.jpg | Файл:Polistes dominula MHNT.jpg | Файл:European wasp white bg.jpg | Файл:Bald-faced Hornet (Vespidae, Dolichovespula maculata (Linnaeus)) (32512319833) white background.jpg | Файл:AD2009Aug08 Vespa crabro 01.jpg | Файл:Male Vespa mandarinia - white background.jpg |
| Colors | Amber to brown translucent alternating with black stripes.Шаблон:Efn Exact pattern and colouration varies depending on strain/breed. | Yellow with black stripes, sometimes with olive, brown, orange-brown, red,[1] white, or as in Bombus pratorum, dark.[2] | Dusty yellow to dark brown or black | Black and opaque bright yellow stripes | Black and ivory white markings | Black and dark body with yellowШаблон:Efn | Black and gold body with orange |
| Coat | Furry (short hair) | Furry (long hair) | Little or no hair | Some hair | |||
| Size | Шаблон:Cvt | Шаблон:Cvt or more | Шаблон:Cvt | Шаблон:Cvt | Up to Шаблон:Cvt | Up to Шаблон:Cvt | Up to Шаблон:Cvt |
| Legs | Not generally visible while flyingШаблон:Efn | Two thin long legs are visible hanging down during flight. There are no pollen baskets. | Legs not generally visible in flight. There are no pollen baskets. | ||||
| Behavior | GentleШаблон:Efn | Gentle | Not aggressive | Aggressive | Extremely aggressive[3][4][5] | ||
| Food | Pollen and nectar from flowers | Other insects | Other insects, overripe fruit, sugary drinks, human food and food waste, meatШаблон:Efn | Other insects. | |||
| Sting | Barbed. Kills bee;Шаблон:Efn continues pumping. | Smooth; can repeat. Retracts. | |||||
| Sting Pain[6] | 2 | 2 | 1.5–3 depending on species | 2 (Vespula pensylvanica) | 2 | 2.xШаблон:EfnШаблон:Citation needed | 4.0+[7]Шаблон:Failed verification |
| Lights | Not attracted to lights at night unless nest is disturbed, or light is placed near hive, or bee is sick. | Attracted to lights at night[8][9] | |||||
| Lives in | Large colonies of flat, wax-based honeycomb hanging vertically. | Small cavities in the soil or sometime above ground in dark cavities. Commonly uses small rodent nests, may use bird cavity nests. | Small umbrella-shaped papery combs hanging horizontally in protected spaces such as attics, eaves or soil cavities. | Large paper nest, upside down pear shaped, hanging from branches and eaves; also barns and attics. Some yellowjacket species nest in the ground. | Very large paper nest in hollow trees, sheltered positions. Has a brown, protective layer when the nest is in an unsheltered position. Also found in barns, attics, hollow walls and abandoned bee hives. | ||
See also
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Benton, Ted (2006). "Chapter 9: The British Species". Bumblebees. London, UK: HarperCollins Publishers. pp. 338–342. Шаблон:ISBN
- ↑ Ross, Piper (2007). Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals. pp. 9–11. Шаблон:ISBN.
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Unless otherwise noted, sting pains are from The sting of the Wild by Justin O. Schmidt. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 2006, pp.226-229
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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