Английская Википедия:Chimney Rock National Historic Site
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:About Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox protected area
Chimney Rock is a prominent geological rock formation in Morrill County in western Nebraska. Rising nearly 300 feet (91 m) above the surrounding North Platte River valley, the peak of Chimney Rock is Шаблон:Convert above sea level.[1] The formation served as a landmark along the Oregon Trail, the California Trail, and the Mormon Trail during the mid-19th century. The trails ran along the north side of the rock, which remains a visible landmark for modern travelers along U.S. Route 26 and Nebraska Highway 92. Chimney Rock National Historic Site was designated in 1956 and is an affiliated area of the National Park Service, operated by History Nebraska. Chimney Rock was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966.
History
Prior to exploration and settlement by European immigrants, the Native Americans of the areaШаблон:Mdashmainly the Lakota SiouxШаблон:Mdashwould refer to this formation by a term which meant "elk penis".[2][3] The first non-natives to see the pillar were probably the Astorians of Robert Stuart in their eastward journey from the Pacific Ocean in 1813. Chimney Rock was recorded in many journals after the Stuart expedition.[4]
The name "Chimney Rock" probably originated from early fur traders.[5] The first recorded mention of "Chimney Rock" was in 1827 by Joshua Pilcher. Pilcher had journeyed up the Platte River valley to the Salt Lake rendezvous of the Rocky Mountain fur trappers. The formation went through a variety of names before becoming Chimney Rock such as Chimley Rock and Chimney Tower, as well as euphemisms based on the original Native American name, such as Elk's Peak and Elk Brick.[5][3]
A small town named Chimney Rock once stood near the base of the formation.[6] A post office was established at the town of Chimney Rock in 1913, and remained in operation until 1922.[7]
Based on sketches, paintings, written accounts, and the 1897 photograph by Darton, Chimney Rock was taller when it was first seen by settlers, but has since been reduced in height by erosion, lightning, and reportedly by cannon fire from the ground and from aircraft.[8]
Geology
Chimney Rock consists primarily of Brule clay interlayered with volcanic ash and Arikaree sandstone. The harder sandstone layers near the top have protected the pillar since it broke away from the retreating cliff line to the south.[9] Chimney Rock rises approximately Шаблон:Convert above its surroundings.[1]
Today
Chimney Rock was designated a National Historic Site on August 9, 1956,[2] and is a National Park Service affiliated area, maintained and administered by History Nebraska with NPS technical support. Chimney Rock and Independence Rock further west in Wyoming are two of the prominent features along the Oregon Trail. Chimney Rock is located 20 miles southeast of Scotts Bluff National Monument, on Nebraska Highway 92.[10]
The Ethel and Christopher J. Abbot Visitor Center features museum exhibits and a video about pioneers and the migrations in the West, as well as a gift shop.[11]
On March 1, 2006, the Nebraska State Quarter was released. The quarter features a covered wagon headed west past Chimney Rock, commemorating Nebraska's role in westward migration.
See also
- Landmarks of the Nebraska Territory
- Butte
- Hoodoo
- Courthouse and Jail Rocks
- Nebraska Sandhills
- Chimney Rock State Park, North Carolina
References
External links
- [1] operated by the History Nebraska
- Chimney Rock - National Park Service
- Chimney Rock National Historic Site. StateParks.com.
Шаблон:Mormon Trail landmarks Шаблон:Registered Historic Places Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite peakbagger
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Chimney Rock, (Atlas Obscura, retrieved on November 21st, 2015).
- ↑ Chimney Rock National Historic Site, Nebraska, National Park Service, 1964
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 "Chimney Rock History"
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:GNIS
- ↑ Chimney Rock's Popularity May Not Be Eroding, But The Rock Is Yankton Daily Press, from AP. 15 May 2006. Accessed 25 Sept 2021.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- California Trail
- Mormon Trail
- Oregon Trail
- Rock formations of Nebraska
- History museums in Nebraska
- Museums in Morrill County, Nebraska
- Protected areas of Morrill County, Nebraska
- Protected areas established in 1956
- 1956 establishments in Nebraska
- Natural features on the National Register of Historic Places in Nebraska
- National Register of Historic Places in Morrill County, Nebraska
- Landforms of Morrill County, Nebraska
- History Nebraska
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии