Английская Википедия:Chlorine pentafluoride
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Chembox
Chlorine pentafluoride is an interhalogen compound with formula ClF5. This colourless liquid is a strong oxidant that was once a candidate oxidizer for rockets. The molecule adopts a square pyramidal structure with C4v symmetry,[1] as confirmed by its high-resolution 19F NMR spectrum.[2] It was first synthesized in 1963.[3]
Preparation
Some of the earliest research on the preparation was classified.[4][5] It was first prepared by fluorination of chlorine trifluoride at high temperatures and high pressures:[4]
- ClF3 + F2 → ClF5
- ClF + 2F2 → ClF5
- Cl2 + 5F2 → 2ClF5
- CsClF4 + F2 → CsF + ClF5
NiF2 catalyzes this reaction.[6]
Certain metal fluorides, MClF4 (i.e. KClF4, RbClF4, CsClF4), react with F2 to produce ClF5 and the corresponding alkali metal fluoride.[5]
Reactions
In a highly exothermic reaction, ClF5 reacts with water to produce chloryl fluoride and hydrogen fluoride:[7]
- Шаблон:Chem + 2 Шаблон:Chem → Шаблон:Chem + 4 Шаблон:Chem
It is also a strong fluorinating agent. At room temperature it reacts readily with all elements (including otherwise "inert" elements like platinum and gold) except noble gases, nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine.[2]
Uses
Rocket propellant
Chlorine pentafluoride was once considered for use as an oxidizer for rockets. As a propellant, it has a higher maximum specific impulse than ClF3, but with the same difficulties in handling.[4] Due to the hazardous nature of chlorine pentafluoride, it has yet to be used in a large scale rocket propulsion system.
See also
References
External links
- National Pollutant Inventory - Fluoride and compounds fact sheet
- New Jersey Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet
- WebBook page for ClF5
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