Английская Википедия:Cladoxylopsida
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Expand German Шаблон:Automatic taxobox
The cladoxylopsids are an extinct group of plants related to ferns and sphenopsids.[1]
They had a central trunk, from the top of which several lateral branches were attached. Fossils of these plants originate in the Middle Devonian to Early Carboniferous periods (around Шаблон:Period span/brief), mostly just as stems.
Cladoxylopsida contains two orders. The order Hyeniales is now included in Pseudosporochnales.[2]
Intact fossils of the Middle Devonian cladoxylopsid Wattieza show it to have been a tree, the earliest identified in the fossil record as of 2007. In 2019, experts from Cardiff University, UK; Binghamton University and the New York State Museum discovered more fossils of Cladoxylopsida and Archaeopteris in a quarry in Cairo, New York.[3]
A recent (2017) discovery in Xinjiang in China of early Late Devonian (Frasnian, ca. 374 Ma) silicified fossil cladoxylopsid tree trunks (diameter up to c.70 cm) with preserved cellular anatomy showed an internal arrangement with many xylem bundles in the outer part and none in the interior; each bundle was surrounded by its own cambium layer, by which the tree's trunk widened.[4][5][6]
References
External links
Шаблон:Commons category-inline Links with images:
Шаблон:Plant classification Шаблон:Taxonbar
Шаблон:Fern-stub
Шаблон:Devonian-plant-stub
Шаблон:Carboniferous-plant-stub
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Thomas N. Taylor, Edith L. Taylor, Michael Krings: Paleobotany. The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants. Second Edition, Academic Press 2009, Шаблон:ISBN , p. 387-401, 1028
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/news/view/981090-worlds-oldest-and-most-complex-trees (with image of trunk cross-section)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web