Английская Википедия:Cliff Palace
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Use mdy dates
Cliff Palace is the largest cliff dwelling in North America. The structure built by the Ancestral Puebloans is located in Mesa Verde National Park in their former homeland region. The cliff dwelling and park are in Montezuma County, in the southwestern corner of Colorado, in the Southwestern United States.
History
Tree-ring dating indicates that construction and refurbishing of Cliff Palace was continuous approximately from 1190 CE through 1260 CE, although the major portion of the building was done within a 20-year time span. The Ancestral Puebloans, also known as Anasazi, who constructed this cliff dwelling and the others like it at Mesa Verde were driven to these defensible positions by "increasing competition amidst changing climatic conditions".[1] Cliff Palace was abandoned by 1300, though debate is ongoing as to the cause. Some contend that a series of megadroughts interrupting food production systems was the main cause.
Cliff Palace was rediscovered in 1888 by Richard Wetherill and Charlie Mason while they were looking for stray cattle.[2][3][4]
Description
Cliff Palace was constructed primarily out of sandstone, mortar and wooden beams. The sandstone was shaped using harder stones, and a mortar of soil, water and ash was used to hold everything together. "Chinking" stones were placed within the mortar to fill gaps and provide stability. Many of the walls were decorated with colored earthen plasters, which were the first to erode over time.Шаблон:Citation needed Many visitors wonder about the relatively small size of the doorways at Cliff Palace; the explanation being that at the time the average man was under Шаблон:Convert, while the average woman was closer to Шаблон:Convert[4] Cliff Palace contains 23 kivas (round sunken rooms of ceremonial importance) and 150 rooms and had a population of approximately 100 people. One kiva, in the center of the ruin, is at a point where the entire structure is partitioned by a series of walls with no doorways or other access portals. The walls of this kiva were plastered with one color on one side and a different color on the opposing side.[4] "It is thought that Cliff Palace was a social, administrative site with high ceremonial usage."[4] Archaeologists believe that Cliff Palace contained more clans than the surrounding Mesa Verde communities. This belief stems from the higher ratio of rooms to kivas. Cliff Palace has a room-to-kiva ratio of 9 to 1. The average room-to-kiva ratio for a Mesa Verde community is 12 to 1.[1] This ratio of kivas to rooms may suggest that Cliff Palace might have been the center of a large polity that included surrounding small communities.[1]
A large square tower is to the right and almost reaches the cave "roof". It was in ruins by the 1800s. The National Park Service carefully restored it to its approximate height and stature, making it one of the most memorable buildings in Cliff Palace. It is the tallest structure at Mesa Verde standing at Шаблон:Convert tall, with four levels. Slightly differently colored materials were used to show that it was a restoration.[5][6]
-
A 13th-century mural of a rectangular tower believed to be Cliff Palace
-
The ground plan for Cliff Palace from a survey published in a book by Jesse Walter Fewkes, Шаблон:Circa
-
Round tower, Cliff Palace in 1941.
A 1941 photograph of Cliff Palace by Ansel Adams -
The dwellings at Cliff Palace in September 2004
-
Cliff Palace in October 2018
References
Bibliography
- Chapen, Frederick H. The Land of the Cliff-Dwellers. Appalachian Mountain Club, W. B. Clarke and Co., Boston, 1892. Reprinted by the University of Arizona Press, with notes and foreword by Robert H. Lister, 1988. Шаблон:ISBN.
- Noble, David Grant. "Ancient Ruins of the Southwest", pp. 36–43.Northland Publishing, Flagstaff, Arizona 1995. Шаблон:ISBN.
- Oppelt, Norman T. "Guide to Prehistoric Ruins of the Southwest", pp. 159–161. Pruett Publishing, Boulder, Colorado, 1989. Шаблон:ISBN.
External links
- Cliff Palace at National Park Service
- Mesa Verde National Park at National Park Service
- Map showing location of Cliff Palace at National Park Service
Шаблон:Pre-Columbian North America Шаблон:Cliff dwellings Шаблон:Authority control Шаблон:Coord
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Английская Википедия
- Buildings and structures completed in the 12th century
- Mesa Verde National Park
- Cliff dwellings
- Dwellings of the Pueblo peoples
- Puebloan buildings and structures
- Ancient Puebloan archaeological sites in Colorado
- Archaeological museums in Colorado
- Native American history of Colorado
- Buildings and structures in Montezuma County, Colorado
- Landmarks in Colorado
- Pre-Columbian cultural areas
- Oasisamerica cultures
- Ruins in the United States
- Former populated places in Colorado
- Historic house museums in Colorado
- Museums in Montezuma County, Colorado
- Former populated places in Montezuma County, Colorado
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
.jpg&action=edit&redlink=1){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}