Английская Википедия:Climate of Malta

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Malta has a Subtropical-Mediterranean climate according to the Köppen climate classification (Csa), with very mild winters and warm to hot summers. Rain occurs mainly in winter, with summer being generally dry. According to the Troll-Paffen climate classification and the Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification, Malta lies within the subtropical zone, being at 35ºN latitude.

Temperature

The average yearly temperature is around Шаблон:Convert during the day and Шаблон:Convert at night (one of the warmest temperature averages in Europe). In the coldest month – January – the typical maximum temperature ranges from Шаблон:Convert during the day and the minimum from Шаблон:Convert at night. In the warmest month – August – the typical maximum temperature ranges from Шаблон:Convert during the day and the minimum from Шаблон:Convert at night.

Generally, April starts with temperatures from Шаблон:Convert during the day and Шаблон:Convert at night. November has temperatures from Шаблон:Convert during the day and Шаблон:Convert at night. However even in the winter months of the year (December, January, February) temperatures sometimes reach Шаблон:Convert, March is transitional, with warmer temperatures, daily maximums often exceed Шаблон:Convert and lows are already in the 2 digits (above Шаблон:Convert) since early March. With an average of Шаблон:Convert, Malta has the warmest average temperature in Europe. Amongst all capitals in the continent of Europe, Valletta – the capital of Malta has the warmest winters, with average temperatures of around Шаблон:Convert during the day and Шаблон:Convert at night in the months of January and February. In March and December average temperatures are around Шаблон:Convert during the day and Шаблон:Convert at night. In Malta, large fluctuations in temperature are rare. Malta is one of only a handful of locations in Europe with a USDA hardiness zone of 11a, that is the average absolute minimum temperature recorded each year is between Шаблон:Convert.

Daylight

Malta enjoys one of the most optimal arrangement of hours of daylight in Europe. Days in winter are not as short as in the northern part of the continent, the average hours of daylight in December, January and February is 10.3 hours (for comparison: London or Moscow or Warsaw – about 8 hours). The shortest day of the year – 21 December – sunrise is around 7:00 and sunset is around 17:00. The longest day of the year – 21 June – sunrise is around 5:30 and sunset is around 20:30.

Average hours of daylight

Hours	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Day	10	10.8	11.9	13	14	14.5	14.3	13.5	12.3	11.2	10.2	9.8
Twilight/Night	14	13.2	12.1	11	10	9.5	9.7	10.5	11.7	12.8	13.8	14.2

Sunshine

As one might expect from Malta's high daylight hours, Malta enjoys around 3,000 hours of sunshine per year (also one of the highest in Europe), from an average of above 5 hours of sunshine per day in December to an average of above 12 hours of sunshine per day in July. Thus, Malta enjoys about twice the amount of sunshine as cities in the northern half of Europe.Шаблон:Citation needed For comparison, London has 1,461 hours per year; however, in winter Malta has much more sunshine. For comparison, London has 37 hours while Malta has 161 hours of sunshine in December.

Sea temperature

Average annual temperature of sea is Шаблон:Convert (the highest annual sea temperature in Europe), from Шаблон:Convert in the period from January to April to Шаблон:Convert in August. In the 6 months from June to November, the average sea temperature exceeds Шаблон:Convert. In May and December – the transition months – the average is around Шаблон:Convert.

In the second half of April, which is the beginning of the summer/holiday season the average sea temperature is Шаблон:Convert. The highest sea temperature is Шаблон:Convert in the middle-3rd week of August. In late August and early September the temperature drops to Шаблон:Convert, and in the second half of September it drops to Шаблон:Convert. Around mid-October it drops to Шаблон:Convert, and during the last week of October it drops to Шаблон:Convert. By early November the temperature drops to Шаблон:Convert (data of 2010).

Average sea temperature according to MaltaWeather.com

Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert

Average sea temperature according to seatemperature.org

Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert

Average sea temperature according to weather2travel.com

Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert

Precipitation

Water supply poses a problem on Malta, as the summer is both rainless and the time of greatest water use, and the winter rainfall often falls as heavy showers running off to the sea rather than soaking into the ground. Malta depends on underground reserves of fresh water, drawn through a system of water tunnels such as the Ta' Kandja galleries or the Ta' Bakkja tunnels, which average about 97 m below surface and extend like the spokes of a wheel. In the galleries in Malta's porous limestone, fresh water lies in a lens upon brine. More than half the potable water of Malta is produced by desalination, which creates further issues of fossil fuel use and pollution.

Malta has an average of 90 precipitation days a year, and experiences from a few to a dozen rainy days per month (≥ 1 mm), ranging from 0.5 of a day in July to around 15 in December. The average annual precipitation is around 600 mm, ranging from ≈0.3 mm in July to ≈110 mm in December.

Humidity

The annual average relative humidity is high, averaging 76%, ranging from 69% in July (morning: 78% evening: 53%) to 79% in December (morning: 83% evening: 73%).

Records

Шаблон:More citations needed Despite the relative stasis of the Maltese climate, historical records present some variations. In the capital city of Valletta, meteorological officials of the time recorded a temperature of Шаблон:Convert on 19 February 1895, which remains a record for the city.

Regarding the island as a whole, a temperature of Шаблон:Convert was recorded on 1 February 1962, at Ta' Qali airfield, in the centre of the island, which was accompanied by frozen precipitation (hail), though this temperature is not recognised by the Malta Met Office as it was not an official recording station and didn't use worldwide meteorological standard instruments.

Snow is a very rare phenomenon, there was a snowfall reported in January 1858, March 1877 (light snow without accumulation), February 1895 (snow without accumulation), January 1905 (flurries without accumulation), March 1949 (snow recorded in the interior of the island), and 31 January 1962, On 31 December 2014 snow was reported at various locations. though the Met Office later confirmed this was actually Graupel or soft hail. It is thought that many historical reports of "snowfall" were likely also Graupel. That Winter went on to be one of the coldest and stormiest ever experienced in the Maltese Islands.

The lowest temperature ever recorded at Luqa International Airport was in January 1981, with Шаблон:Convert, and the highest temperature was Шаблон:Convert recorded on 9 August 1999.

June 2021 recorded a very rare type of heatwave. For 12 straight days lasting from 20 June until 1 July, maximum temperature exceeded the climate average maximum by more than Шаблон:Convert and it was only due to the turning of the month that the heatwave ceased to be classified as a heatwave. The record maximum temperature was beaten 3 times during that heatwave – on the 24th with Шаблон:Convert, the 25th with Шаблон:Convert and on the 30th with Шаблон:Convert.

See also

• Malta 2021 Stratospheric Balloon, upper-atmosphere weather balloon