Английская Википедия:Climate of Quetta
Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use Pakistani English Quetta, Pakistan features a continental semi-arid climate with a large variation between summer and winter temperatures. The highest temperature recorded in Quetta was Шаблон:Convert on 10 July 1998.[1] The lowest temperature in Quetta is Шаблон:Convert which was recorded on 8 January 1970.[1]
hSummer starts in late May and continues until early September with average temperatures ranging from Шаблон:Convert to Шаблон:Convert. Autumn starts in late September and continues until mid-November with average temperatures of Шаблон:Convert to Шаблон:Convert. Winter starts in late November and ends in late March, with average temperatures near Шаблон:Convert to Шаблон:Convert. Spring starts in early April and ends in late May, with average temperatures close to Шаблон:Convert.[2][3] Unlike most of Pakistan, however, Quetta does not have a monsoon of sustained, heavy rainfall. The highest rainfall during a 24-hour period is Шаблон:Convert recorded on 17 December 2000;[1] the highest monthly rainfall is Шаблон:Convert, which was recorded in March 1982;[1] and the highest annual rainfall recorded is Шаблон:Convert in 1982.[1] A lot of precipitation in winter is snow, falling mostly in December, January and February.[2]
Monthly climate cycle
The monthly breakup of the weather in Quetta is as follows:
January
January is the coldest month in Quetta, and Western Disturbance causes rainfall with occasional snowfall in the city. The highest temperature on record Шаблон:Convert on 28 January 1987; and the lowest temperature is Шаблон:Convert, recorded on 8 January 1970.[1] The highest monthly rainfall recorded was Шаблон:Convert in 1982;[1] while the most rain in a 24-hours period was Шаблон:Convert on 30 January 1982.[1]
January is the most probable month for snow. Western disturbances are at the peak of their season, and the combination of wintriness makes this month most suitable for the season's heavy snow. All the decades of this month are crucial for the snow to fall. During the past years, the city have seen some record snowfalls during this month. On 14 and 15 January 2017 Quetta received heaviest snow of last 10 years with 2 feet of snow recorded in some areas.
February
The weather in February is somewhat similar to that of January: generally cold, with Western Disturbance causing rains and snowfall. The highest temperature ever recorded was Шаблон:Convert on 16 February 2002, and lowest temperature was Шаблон:Convert on 1 February 1970.[1] While the highest monthly rainfall is Шаблон:Convert in 1982;[1] The heaviest rainfall in 24 hours was Шаблон:Convert on 17 February 2003.[1]
On 28 February 2011 heavy hailstorms lashed the valley followed by heavy rainfall.[4] A total of Шаблон:Convert of rainfall was recorded during February 2011, which is the third-highest rain in February after the record Шаблон:Convert of rain in 1982 and Шаблон:Convert in 2003.[5][6]
The probability of falling snow in this month is high; every year the city receives light to moderate snow during the month mostly during the first two decades of the month; however, there are chances of snow even in the last decade of the month.
March
March is the wettest month of the city, and remains cool, but towards the end of the month becomes warmer. Western Disturbances continues to affect the weather, producing hailstorms and causing rains with strong winds, and the chances of snowfall on the mountains around the city, and occasional chances of snowfall in the city mostly during the first three decades of the month. The likelihood of thunderstorms is very high during the month, with the possibility of some incredible thunders in the city followed by heavy downpour.
On 8 March 2007 light snowfall occurred in the city. The highest temperature for the month of March was Шаблон:Convert on 31 March 2018, while the lowest was Шаблон:Convert on 12 March 1973.[1] The highest monthly rainfall recorded was Шаблон:Convert in 1982;[1] the heaviest rain in a 24-hour period was Шаблон:Convert on 31 March 1985.[1] A western wave entered Balochistan on 2 March 2019 which caused flash flooding in the province including Quetta the city which received 137 mm of rain along with snowfall recorded 4 cm.
April
Thunderstorms persist during the first decade of the month, and continue intermittently during the second and third decades. The weather in April is similar to the weather of March. The highest temperature recorded was Шаблон:Convert on 27 April 1979, and lowest temperature was Шаблон:Convert on 2 April 1965.[1] The highest monthly rainfall was Шаблон:Convert in 1992.[1] the heaviest rainfall in a 24-hour period was Шаблон:Convert on 12 April 1983.[1]
In April 2011, Quetta saw two major wet spells, the first one commenced from 7 to 12 April, while the second one started from 14 to 17 April intermittently. During the period, the city was battered by heavy rainfalls and thunderstorms.[7] On 16 April, lightning killed one person and injured three persons near Pashtoon street in Brawrey.[8] In April 2011, Quetta received Шаблон:Convert of rain, which is highest monthly rainfall in April since 2000.[9]
May
In May, the weather becomes hotter. The highest temperature was Шаблон:Convert on 11 May 2000, and the lowest was Шаблон:Convert on 3 May 1989.[1] Humidity levels decline as compared to other months. The highest monthly rainfall recorded was Шаблон:Convert in 1963;[1] and the heaviest rainfall recorded in a 24-hour period was Шаблон:Convert on 25 May 2003.[1] On 2 May 2005, a storm covered the entire city with a blanket of dust that lasted for many days.[10]
June
In June, temperatures continue to increase. Temperatures can reach Шаблон:Convert, with the highest on record at Шаблон:Convert on 4 June 2005, and on four other occasions. The lowest temperature was Шаблон:Convert on 14 June 1979.[1][11]
In 2007, Cyclone Yemyin hit the coastal areas of Balochistan, and caused rains in most parts of the province, including Quetta[12] producing a record breaking Шаблон:Convert of rain between 22 June to 30.[1] The heaviest rainfall in a 24-hour period of Шаблон:Convert was recorded on 29 June 2007.[1]
On 27 June 2016 a cloudburst occurred in the afternoon. As a result of this cloudburst 50 mm (Quetta Samungli) rain fell in one and a half-hour with big size hail stones, while 8 mm was recorded at Quetta (Sheikh Manda).
July
July is the hottest month in Quetta. Since Quetta lies partially outside the belt of the monsoon, the effect thereof is seldom visible in the city. However, sometimes if monsoon gets strong enough, then Quetta can also have some rains. The highest temperature recorded in the month was Шаблон:Convert in July 2014, while the lowest temperature was Шаблон:Convert on 11 July 1977.[1] and the highest rainfall for this month is Шаблон:Convert in 1978;[1] On 14 July 2006 a severe dust storm hit the Quetta valley for three consecutive days, reducing visibility to less than a kilometer.[13] Again on 23 July 2007, another dust storm enveloped the city and its surroundings, reducing visibility to less than a kilometer but also affected both air and vehicle traffic.[14]
August
August is also a hot month in Quetta, with a highest temperature recorded of Шаблон:Convert on 9 August 1970; conversely the lowest temperature was Шаблон:Convert on 29 August 1972.[1] The heaviest monthly rainfall recorded was Шаблон:Convert in 2022,[1] when it continuously rained heavily for 30 hours on 25 and 26 of the month cutting off the city from the rest of the country, the whole city went into total blackout and was left in the rain without proper gas supply. The heavy rainfall resulted in major flooding taking down with it multiple lives and their precious homes and livestock. The heaviest rainfall in 24 hours was Шаблон:Convert on 3 August 1983.[1] On 6 August 2013 a severe rain storm with heavy downpour lash Quetta city, consequently at least two people died while several houses damaged in Nawan Kali area of the city, dozens of mud houses were destroyed in the rain while several trees and signboards were uprooted. Moreover, at least five people, including three kids, sustained injuries when roof of a house collapsed. City roads were submerged under rain water caused severe traffic jams. Meanwhile, 220 kV transmission line tripped due to heavy rain and storm, disrupting electricity to 17 districts of the province including Quetta.[15] According to Pakistan Meteorological Department Шаблон:Convert of rainfall was recorded during one and half-hour rainfall.[16]
September
In September, the weather remains hot, but gets cooler towards the last week of the month. It is one of the driest months in the city. The highest recorded temperature was Шаблон:Convert on 16 September 2016, and lowest was Шаблон:Convert on 30 September 1962.[1] with the heaviest rainfall for a 24-hour period standing at Шаблон:Convert on 5 September 1994.[1] On 8 September 2008, a dust storm covered the entire city, and lasted for many days.[17]
In 2011, a spell of monsoon rains produced widespread heavy rains in Sindh and northeastern parts of Balochistan. The weather system produced unusual record breaking rains in Quetta that broke the record for highest monthly rainfall of Шаблон:Convert, recorded in 1994.[1] On 3 September, Шаблон:Convert rain was recorded again on 5 September, Шаблон:Convert of rain was recorded. In September 2011, Шаблон:Convert of rain was recorded.[18][19]
October
October is the driest month in the city, with a record highest monthly rainfall of Шаблон:Convert in 1982;[1] and a 24-hour record of Шаблон:Convert on 19 October 1982.[1] The highest and lowest temperatures are Шаблон:Convert on 1 October 1998 and Шаблон:Convert on 27 October 1964, respectively.[1] In October 2011 the city received its second highest rainfall of Шаблон:Convert.
November
Winter begins in November, as the Western Disturbance returns with rain and possibly snow over the mountains. The highest and lowest temperatures recorded for the month were Шаблон:Convert on 3 November 1998 and Шаблон:Convert on 30 November 1964, respectively.[1] On 14 November 2008, the minimum temperature recorded was Шаблон:Convert as the Quetta valley, and major parts of Balochistan, were in the grip of a cold front for several days.[1]
The heaviest rainfall recorded was Шаблон:Convert for a 24-hour period on 16 November 2003.[1] While the heaviest rainfall for the month was Шаблон:Convert in 2006;[1]
December
December is typically a chilly month. Western Disturbances begin to cause rain and snowfall. The heaviest rainfall for the month was Шаблон:Convert in 1982;,[1] and the heaviest rainfall for 24-hours was recorded at Шаблон:Convert on 17 December 2000.[1] The highest and lowest temperatures recorded were Шаблон:Convert on 14 December 1970 and Шаблон:Convert on 12 December 1964, respectively.[1]
December is the wettest month of the city during the winter season. The rainfall intensity gains strength during the last third of the month, but rainfall may occur earlier. There are fair chances of snowfall most probably during the last third. Light snowfall occurred on 9 December 2015 in Quetta.
In 2010, Quetta saw its record lowest monthly mean minimum for December since 2000 of Шаблон:Convert. The severe cold wave started on 28 November 2010 and continued till 17 January 2011. Pakistan Meteorological Department had forecasted in their Weather Advisory that during the coming period, mercury level may reach Шаблон:Convert.[20][21] However at the peak of the severe cold wave the temperature dropped to Шаблон:Convert for consecutive four days, from 9 to 12 December 2010.[22] On the whole the temperature ranges between Шаблон:Convert to Шаблон:Convert during the severe cold wave.[23][24]
Cold front
Quetta is one of the coldest places in Balochistan and Pakistan. The lowest temperature of Шаблон:Convert in the history of Quetta was recorded on 8 January 1970.[1] Every year during winter season temperatures reaches near Шаблон:Convert, while temperatures below Шаблон:Convert are not uncommon. For many consecutive years, the city had experienced a temperature below Шаблон:Convert several times.
The Pakistan Meteorological Department's recording of severe cold weather since 1960 are recorded below:[25][26]
| History of severe cold wave in Quetta | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature below Шаблон:Convert recorded in Quetta since 1960 | |||
| Year | Date | Temperature | References |
| 1962 | 30 November | Шаблон:Convert | [1][11] |
| 1964 | 12 December | Шаблон:Convert | [1][11] |
| 1970 | 8 January | Шаблон:Convert | [1][11] |
| 1970 | 1 February | Шаблон:Convert | [1][11] |
| 1973 | 28 January | Шаблон:Convert | [27] |
| 1976 | 9 December | Шаблон:Convert | [28] |
| 1978 | 27 December | Шаблон:Convert | [29] |
| 1980 | 5 February | Шаблон:Convert | [30] |
| 1984 | 20 February | Шаблон:Convert | [31] |
| 1984 | 21 February | Шаблон:Convert | [31] |
| 1984 | 22 December | Шаблон:Convert | [31] |
| 1984 | 23 December | Шаблон:Convert | [31] |
| 1984 | 24 December | Шаблон:Convert | [31] |
| 1986 | 13 December | Шаблон:Convert | [32] |
| 1986 | 14 December | Шаблон:Convert | [32] |
| 1986 | 16 December | Шаблон:Convert | [32] |
| 1987 | 3 December | Шаблон:Convert | [33] |
| 1994 | 10 January | Шаблон:Convert | [34] |
| 1994 | 10 December | Шаблон:Convert | [35] |
| 1988 | 20 February | Шаблон:Convert | [36] |
| 2001 | 2 February | Шаблон:Convert | [37] |
| 2006 | 4 January | Шаблон:Convert | [38] |
| 2006 | 5 January | Шаблон:Convert | [39] |
| 2006 | 6 January | Шаблон:Convert | [39] |
| 2006 | 7 January | Шаблон:Convert | [39] |
| 2007 | 4 January | Шаблон:Convert | [40][41][42][43] |
| 2008 | 6 January | Шаблон:Convert | [44] |
| 2008 | 5 February | Шаблон:Convert | [45] |
| 2008 | 8 February | Шаблон:Convert | [46] |
| 2010 | 10 February | Шаблон:Convert | [46] |
| 2010 | 31 December | Шаблон:Convert | [47] |
| 2011 | 1 January | Шаблон:Convert | [47][48] |
| 2011 | 22 December | Шаблон:Convert | [49][50] |
| 2012 | 8 January | Шаблон:Convert | [51][52] |
| 2013 | 4 January | Шаблон:Convert | [53] |
| 2013 | 17 January | Шаблон:Convert | [53] |
| 2013 | 30 December | Шаблон:Convert | [54][55] |
Snowfall
Quetta usually receives snow in December, January, and February, though it is not unusual to have a snowfall as late as March.[56] During the drought of 1998–2002, Quetta did not receive any snowfall; while in 2004, 2005, and 2008 it snowed only once in the year. In 2004 and 2008, the city received heavy snow twice after a hiatus of fifteen years.[57][58]
On 31 December 2004 Quetta received more than one foot of snow for the first time in fifteen years,[57][59][60] though in 2006, 2007 and 2009 the city did not get snow. On 29 January 2008, Quetta had four inches in four hours,[58] a few days later, on 2 February 2008, Quetta received more than one foot of snow in just 10 hours.[61] During the winter of 2010, there was no snowfall due to the El-Nino weather system over Pakistan.[62]
The major snowfalls in Quetta since 2000 are:
- On 18 February 2003 Quetta received 6 inches of snowfall for the first time since the drought hit the province in 1998.[63]
- On 29 January 2004 Quetta received heavy snowfall after a long period of five years.[58]
- On 31 December 2004 Quetta received more than one foot of snowfall after fifteen years.[57][59][60]
- On 29 January 2008 Quetta received more than four inches of snowfall in four hours.[58]
- On 2 February 2008 Quetta received more than one foot of snow in just 10 hours.[61]
- On 12 February 2009, Quetta received heavy snowfall.[64]
- On 21 January 2012, Quetta received more than one 6 inches of snow till night.[65]
- On 22 January 2012, Quetta received more than 8 inches of snow.[66][67]
- On 24 January 2012, Quetta received more than 2 inches of snow.[68][69]
- On 30 January 2012, Quetta received more than 2 inches of snow.[70][71]
- On 17 February 2012, Quetta received more than 2 inches of snow.[72]
- On 8 January 2014, Quetta received one foot of snow.[73]
- On 14 January 2017 Quetta received 5 inches of snow
- On 15 January 2017 some areas of Quetta received 2 feet of snow from 4 am to 9 am.
Annual rainfall
The average annual rainfall for Quetta is Шаблон:Convert.[1] The city mainly receives rain from the west during the winter season, from November till the end of March. In 2003, the city received light snowfall of 6 inches for the first time since the drought hit the province in 1998. In 2004 and 2005, Quetta received normal rains with snow falling two times in January 2004 and December 2004 and light snow in 2005. While in 2006 Quetta received almost normal rainfalls although above normal rains in July and August. The rainfall in 2007 was also normal while received record-breaking monthly rainfall of Шаблон:Convert in June. In 2008 Quetta received normal rains with snow falling two times in January and February. In 2009 Quetta received the heaviest annual rainfall since 2000, a total of Шаблон:Convert of rain fell with no snow was recorded except the traces of snowfall in February. In 2010 the city received below normal rains of just Шаблон:Convert, the lowest since 2001.
The annual rainfall since 1982, based on data from Pakistan Meteorological Department:[25]
| Year | Rainfall | Notes | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1982 | Шаблон:Cvt | The highest annual rainfall ever recorded in Quetta. | [1] |
| 1991 | Шаблон:Cvt | [74] | |
| 1992 | Шаблон:Cvt | [74] | |
| 1993 | Шаблон:Cvt | [74] | |
| 1994 | Шаблон:Cvt | [74] | |
| 1995 | Шаблон:Cvt | [74] | |
| 1996 | Шаблон:Cvt | [74] | |
| 1997 | Шаблон:Cvt | [74] | |
| 1998 | Шаблон:Cvt | [74] | |
| 1999 | Шаблон:Cvt | [74] | |
| 2000 | Шаблон:Cvt | [74] | |
| 2001 | Шаблон:Cvt | [74] | |
| 2002 | Шаблон:Cvt | [74] | |
| 2003 | Шаблон:Cvt | *Data of Oct, Nov & Dec not available. 6 Inch Snowfall recorded. | [75][76][77] |
| 2004 | Шаблон:Cvt | More than 16 Inches of snowfall recorded, after a long period of five years | [78] |
| 2005 | Шаблон:Cvt | [79] | |
| 2006 | Шаблон:Cvt | *Data of Sept & Oct not available | [80][81][82] |
| 2007 | Шаблон:Cvt | Шаблон:Citation needed | |
| 2008 | Шаблон:Cvt | More than 14 Inches of snowfall recorded | [83] |
| 2009 | Шаблон:Cvt | [84] | |
| 2010 | Шаблон:Cvt | [85] | |
| 2011 | Шаблон:Cvt | [86] | |
| 2012 | Шаблон:Cvt | More than 20 Inches of Snowfall recorded, heaviest snowfall since 1996. | [87] |
| 2013 | Шаблон:Cvt | More than one foot of Snowfall recorded. | [88] |
| 2014 | Шаблон:Cvt | Шаблон:As of. | [89] |
| 2015 | |||
| 2016 | Шаблон:Cvt | Шаблон:As of. | Шаблон:Citation needed |
Drought
Quetta was affected by a severe drought spell resulted from very low rainfall in the winter season of 1998. The La-Nina phenomena was responsible for below normal rains Balochistan including Quetta city from 1998, after diminishing in December 2000 it was reappeared, and lasted till March 2001 after that it faded gradually in the next few months. During the severe drought North Balochistan received about 30% less rain while South Balochistan received 50–60% less than normal rain.[90]
At the peak of the drought in 2000, the city received just Шаблон:Convert of rainfall, while almost no rainfall or snowfall was observed in winter season. The drought enveloped the whole country and resulted in 30% below normal rains in Pakistan. At least 1.2 million people in Balochistan were affected by drought, and over 100 died, mostly because of dehydration, according to the government sources.[91]
Pakistan Meteorological Departments in Quetta
- Regional Met. Centre, Quetta
- Geophysical Centre, Quetta
See also
- Climate of Pakistan
- Climate of Gwadar
- List of extreme weather records in Pakistan
- 2011 Balochistan floods
References
External links
- ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 1,13 1,14 1,15 1,16 1,17 1,18 1,19 1,20 1,21 1,22 1,23 1,24 1,25 1,26 1,27 1,28 1,29 1,30 1,31 1,32 1,33 1,34 1,35 1,36 1,37 1,38 1,39 1,40 1,41 1,42 1,43 1,44 1,45 1,46 1,47 Шаблон:Cite web
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