Английская Википедия:Codex Athous Lavrensis
Шаблон:New Testament manuscript infobox
The Codex Athous Laurae, designated by Ψ or 044 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), or δ 6 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament Manuscripts), is a manuscript of the New Testament written in Greek uncial letters on parchment. The manuscript has many gaps in the text, as well as containing handwritten notes (known as marginalia). Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeographically), the codex is dated to the 8th or 9th century.Шаблон:R
The codex is currently kept in the Great Lavra monastery (B' 52) on the Athos peninsula.[1]
Description
The manuscript is a codex (precursor to the modern book), containing 261 parchment leaves, which measure Шаблон:Convert,[2] with the text-block being Шаблон:Convert.[3] The text is written in small uncial letters, in one column of 31 lines per page.Шаблон:R These letters have breathings (utilised to designate vowel emphasis) and accents (used to indicate voiced pitch changes).Шаблон:R The codex contains a table of contents ("Шаблон:Lang" / kephalaia) before each book, the Ammonian Sections and Eusebian Canons (an early system of dividing the four Gospels into different sections), lectionary notes in the margin (for liturgical use), musical notes (neumes), and subscriptions.[4] It is considered one of the oldest manuscripts with musical notes.
- Textual overview
The codex originally contained the entire New Testament except for the Book of Revelation, with several gaps at both the beginning and end. The Gospel of Matthew, the Gospel of Mark 1:1-9:4,Шаблон:R and one leaf from the Hebrews with text 8:11-9:19 have subsequently been lost.
The order of the codex's books are as follows:
- the four Gospels
- the Acts of the Apostles
- the General epistles
- the Pauline epistles
The General epistles are in an unusual order (1-2 Peter, James, 1-3 John, and Jude; James usually comes before 1 Peter). There is also a shorter ending to the Gospel of Mark before the longer version.[5] This is similar to the ending found in other Greek New Testament manuscripts, such as Codex Regius and all other Greek codices in which the general epistles appear.Шаблон:R[6]Шаблон:Rp
History
The manuscript was seen by biblical scholar C. R. Gregory on August 26, 1886. He described it as the first of its kind. In 1892, the biblical scholar J. Rendel Harris did not examine the codex even though he was on a visit to Mount Athos, as he was only inspecting the Septuagint (an early Greek translation of the Old Testament) manuscripts there. Von Goltz and Protestant theologian Georg Wobbermin had collated the text of Acts, the general epistles, and Pauline epistles for biblical scholar Hermann von Soden. The codex was examined by biblical scholar Kirsopp Lake in 1899, who thoroughly examined the Gospel of Mark and collated the text of the gospels of Luke and John. He did not examine the text of Acts and the epistles because, according to Soden, their text was ordinary. In 1903, Lake published the text of the Gospel of Mark 9:5-16:20, and a collation of the gospels of Luke, John, and the Epistle to the Colossians in Studia Biblica et Ecclesiastica.Шаблон:R
Textual variants
The Greek text of this codex is described as representative of the Byzantine text-type, but with a large portion of Alexandrian readings, as well as some Western readings.Шаблон:R The text-types are groups of different manuscripts which share specific or generally related readings, which then differ from each other group, and thus the conflicting readings can separate out the groups, which are then used to determine the original text as published; there are three main groups with names: Alexandrian, Western, and Byzantine.Шаблон:R
Despite being an unusually mixed text, Von Soden lists it as generally Alexandrian due to the Gospel of Mark and the General Epistles being mostly in-line with the Alexandrian text-type. In the Gospel of Luke and John, the Byzantine element is predominate, but with a larger proportion of Alexandrian readings than in Codex Sangallensis 48.Шаблон:R The text of the General Epistles appeared to be the same type as found in Codex Alexandrinus, Minuscule 33, Minuscule 81, and Minuscule 436. Biblical scholar Kurt Aland placed the text of the codex in Category III in the Gospels, Acts, Pauline Epistles, and its text of the General Epistles in Category II of his New Testament manuscript text classification system.Шаблон:R Category III manuscripts are described as having "a small but not a negligible proportion of early readings, with a considerable encroachment of [Byzantine] readings, and significant readings from other sources as yet unidentified",Шаблон:R and Category II manuscripts as those "of a special quality, i.e., manuscripts with a considerable proportion of the early text, but which are marked by alien influences. These influences are usually of smoother, improved readings, and in later periods by infiltration by the Byzantine text."Шаблон:R
Шаблон:Bibleref and Шаблон:Bibleref, along with Шаблон:Bibleref (the Pericope Adulterae), are omitted.Шаблон:R
- Some textual variants
- Шаблон:Lang (and every sacrifice shall be consumed) - Ψ
- Шаблон:Lang (and every sacrifice salted with salt) - Majority of manuscripts
- omit. - B L Δ 0274 [[Family 1|ƒШаблон:Sup]] [[Family 13|ƒШаблон:Sup]] 28* 700 [[Syriac versions of the Bible#Old Syriac versionc|syШаблон:Sup]] sa boШаблон:Sup.[7]Шаблон:Rp
- Шаблон:Lang (and be joined to his wife)
- omit. – Ψ Шаблон:Script B 892 ℓ 48 [[Syriac versions of the Bible#Old Syriac versionc|syШаблон:Sup]] goth
- incl. - Majority of manuscripts[8]Шаблон:Rp
- Шаблон:Lang (do not defraud)
- omit. - Ψ BШаблон:Sup K W Δ [[Family 1|ƒШаблон:Sup]] [[Family 13|ƒШаблон:Sup]] 28 579 700 1010 1079 1242 1546 2148 ℓ 10 ℓ 950 ℓ 1642 ℓ 1761 [[Syriac versions of the Bible#Old Syriac versionc|syШаблон:Sup]] arm geo
- incl. - BШаблон:Sup Majority of manuscriptsШаблон:R
- Шаблон:Lang (the beloved, in Whom I am well pleased) – Ψ CШаблон:Sup D ℓ 19 ℓ 31 ℓ 47 ℓ 48 ℓ 49 ℓ 49Шаблон:Sup ℓ 183 ℓ 183Шаблон:Sup ℓ 211Шаблон:Sup
- Шаблон:Lang (the chosen) – Шаблон:Papyrus link Шаблон:Papyrus link Шаблон:Larger B L Ξ 892 1241
- Шаблон:Lang (the beloved) – Majority of manuscriptsШаблон:R[n 1]
- Шаблон:Lang (eternal life) – Ψ Шаблон:Script CШаблон:Sup D L 0100 [[Family 13|ƒШаблон:Sup]] it [[Latin Vulgate|vgШаблон:Sup]] [[Peshitta|syШаблон:Sup]][[Syriac versions of the Bible#MLater Syriac versions|Шаблон:Sup]] sa bo
- Шаблон:Lang (eternal life) - Majority of manuscriptsШаблон:R
- Шаблон:Lang (from Jerusalem) – Ψ D 181 436 614 2412 ℓ 147 ℓ 809 ℓ 1021 ℓ 1141 ℓ 1364 ℓ 1439 ar d gig vg Chrysostom
- Шаблон:Lang (to Jerusalem) – Шаблон:Script B H L P 049 056 0142 81 88 326 330 451 629 1241 1505 1877 2492 2495 Majority of manuscripts Lect
- Шаблон:Lang (from Jerusalem) – Шаблон:Papyrus link A 33 69 630 2127
- Шаблон:Lang (to Antioch) – [[Minuscule 97|97Шаблон:Sup]] 110 328 [[Minuscule 424|424Шаблон:Sup]] [[Minuscule 425|425Шаблон:Sup]]
- Шаблон:Lang (to Antioch) – ℓ 38
- Шаблон:Lang (from Jerusalem to Antioch) – E 322 323
- Шаблон:Lang (from Jerusalem to Antioch) – 429 945 1739 e p [[Peshitta|syШаблон:Sup]] sa geo
- Шаблон:Lang (to Jerusalem to Antioch) – 104 saШаблон:SupШаблон:R
- Шаблон:Lang (with a written letter by their hand, having the following contents:) - Ψ
- Шаблон:Lang (being written by their hand) – Шаблон:Papyrus link Шаблон:Papyrus link Шаблон:Script* A B bo
- Шаблон:Lang (having written this by their hand) – Шаблон:ScriptШаблон:Sup E (33) Majority of manuscripts [[Syriac versions of the Bible#MLater Syriac versions|syШаблон:Sup]]
- Шаблон:Lang (having written by their hand a letter, containing this:) – C ar c gig w geo
- Шаблон:Lang (having written a letter by their hand, containing this:) – D d
- Шаблон:Lang (having written a letter by their hand, and sent it containing this:) – 614Шаблон:R
- Шаблон:Lang (the way of God) – Ψ P 049 0142 104 330 451 1241 1877 2127 2492 Majority of manuscripts Lect
- Шаблон:Lang (the way of God) – Шаблон:Papyrus link Шаблон:Larger A B 33 614 1175 vgШаблон:R
- Шаблон:Lang (remaining within Gullion. On the next day) - Ψ
- Шаблон:Lang (and remained in Trogyllium, on the next day) - Majority of manuscripts
- Шаблон:Lang (and on the next day) - Шаблон:Papyrus link Шаблон:Papyrus link Шаблон:Larger A B C E 33 453 1175 1739 1891 2818 vg boШаблон:R
- Шаблон:Lang (of the Lord) – Ψ Шаблон:Papyrus link A C* D E 33 36 453 945 1739 1891
- Шаблон:Lang (of God) - Шаблон:Larger B 614 1175 1505 vg sy [[Bible translations into Coptic#Boharic|boШаблон:Sup]]; Cyr
- Шаблон:Lang (of the Lord and God) - [[Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus|CШаблон:Sup]] Majority of manuscriptsШаблон:R
- Шаблон:Lang (Gauda) – Ψ
- Шаблон:Lang (Kauda) – 𝔓74 Шаблон:LargerШаблон:Sup B 1175 lat [[Peshitta|syШаблон:Sup]]
- Шаблон:Lang (Klauda) – Шаблон:Larger* AШаблон:Sup 33 81 614 945 1505 1739 [[Latin Vulgate|vgШаблон:Sup]] [[Syriac versions of the Bible#MLater Syriac versions|syШаблон:Sup]]
- Шаблон:Lang (Klaudan) – L 323. 1241 Majority of manuscriptsШаблон:R
- Шаблон:Lang (And when he had said these words, the Jews departed and had a great dispute among themselves)
- omit. – Ψ Шаблон:Papyrus link Шаблон:Script A B E 048 33 81 1175 1739 2464
- incl. - Majority of manuscriptsШаблон:R
- Шаблон:Lang (of Jesus, not living according to [the] flesh) – Ψ A DШаблон:Sup Minuscule 81 629 2127 vg
- Шаблон:Lang (of Jesus) – Шаблон:ScriptШаблон:Sup B D G 1739 1881 itШаблон:Sup sa bo eth
- Шаблон:Lang (of Jesus, not living according to [the] flesh, but according to [the] Spirit) – Шаблон:ScriptШаблон:Sup DШаблон:Sup K P 33 88 104 181 326 330 (436 omit μη) 456 614 630 1241 1877 1962 1984 1985 2492 2495 Majority of manuscripts LectШаблон:R
- insert after Шаблон:Bibleref – Ψ L 0209 181 326 330 451 460 614 1241 1877 1881 1984 1985 2492 2495
- insert after Шаблон:Bibleref – Шаблон:Papyrus linkШаблон:R
- Шаблон:Lang (witness) – Ψ B D G P 33 81 104 181 326 330 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 2127 2492 2495 Majority of manuscripts Lect it vg [[Syriac versions of the Bible#MLater Syriac versions|syШаблон:Sup]] sa arm eth
- Шаблон:Lang (mystery) - Шаблон:Papyrus linkШаблон:Sup Шаблон:Larger* A C ar r [[Peshitta|syШаблон:Sup]] bo; Hipp BasA Ambst
- Шаблон:Lang (salvation) - 489 ℓ 598Шаблон:Sup ℓ 599 Шаблон:R
- Шаблон:Lang (prayer) – Ψ Шаблон:Papyrus link Шаблон:Papyrus link Шаблон:Script* A B C D G P 6 33 81 104 181 629 630 1739 1877 1881 1962 it vg cop arm eth.
- Шаблон:Lang (fasting and prayer) – Шаблон:LargerШаблон:Sup K L 365 1241 1505 Majority of manuscripts sy
- Шаблон:Lang (prayer and fasting) – 230 451 JoDamШаблон:R
- Шаблон:Lang (gifts of healing by the one Spirit) – Ψ A B 33 81 104 436 630 (1739 omits Шаблон:Lang) 1881 it vg
- Шаблон:Lang (gifts of healing by his Spirit) – Шаблон:Script CШаблон:Sup D G K P 0201 88 181 330 451 614 629 1241 1877 1962 1984 1985 2127 2492 2495 Majority of manuscripts Lect
- Шаблон:Lang (gifts of healing by the Spirit) – Шаблон:Papyrus link
- Шаблон:Lang (gifts of healing) – CШаблон:R
- Шаблон:Lang (of God) – Ψ Шаблон:Script A B (D*) P 33 81 104 326 365 629 1175 1241 2464
- Шаблон:Lang (of [the] Lord) – F G; Cyp
- omit. - Шаблон:Papyrus link DШаблон:Sup Majority of manuscripts r MarcionШаблон:SupШаблон:R
- Шаблон:Lang (God was manifest) – Ψ Шаблон:LargerШаблон:Sup AШаблон:Sup CШаблон:Sup DШаблон:Sup K L P 81 104 630. 1241. 1505. 1739. 1881 Majority of manuscripts [[Latin Vulgate|vgШаблон:Sup]]Шаблон:R
- Шаблон:Lang (Who was manifest) – Шаблон:Larger* A* C* F G 33 365 1175; Did EpiphШаблон:R [n 2]
- Шаблон:Lang (indeed by them He is insulted, but by you He is glorified) – Ψ K L P 1448 1611 Majority of manuscipts it [[Oxford Vulgate|vgШаблон:Sup]] [[Syriac versions of the Bible#MLater Syriac versions|syШаблон:Sup]] saШаблон:Sup boШаблон:Sup Cyp
- omit. - Шаблон:Papyrus link Шаблон:Larger AШаблон:Sup B 049 33 81 323 614 630 945 1241 1739 vg [[Peshitta|syШаблон:Sup]] boШаблон:R
See also
Notes
References
Further reading
- Hermann von Soden, Die Schriften des Neuen Testaments in ihrer altesten erreibaren Textgestalt, I, III (Berlin, 1910), pp. 1664,-1666, 1841, 1921, 1928.
- M.-J. Lagrange, La critique rationnelle (Paris, 1935), pp. 109 f.
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