Английская Википедия:Companhia Telefônica Brasileira

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Companhia Telefônica Brasileira (CTB) was a Brazilian fixed-line telephone company that provided services to the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, as well as Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo through its subsidiaries CTMG and CTES. Between 1972 and 1976, CTB belonged to the Telebras system.

Origin

Predecessors

Rio de Janeiro

On November 15, 1879, Pedro II granted Charles Paul Mackie, Bell Labs' representative in Rio de Janeiro, the first authorization in Brazil to operate telephone services through Decree No. 7,539. On April 17, 1881, the Telephone Company of Brazil was licensed to operate. By 1883, five stations with 1,000 subscribers each had been installed in Rio de Janeiro.

In the 1880s, several companies became involved in providing telephone services in Rio de Janeiro: Companhia União Telefônica do Brasil (1885), Empresa Obras Públicas do Brasil (1889), Companhia Telefônica Industrial (1890), Siemens & Halsk (1897) and Brasilianische Elektrizitäts Gesellschaft (1899); the latter was acquired in 1905 by the Canadian-owned Rio de Janeiro Tramway, Light and Power Company and was renamed Rio de Janeiro Telephone Company in 1907.

In 1897, the Central, Largo do Machado, São Clemente, Estácio de Sá, São Cristóvão, Engenho Novo, Andaraí and Santa Teresa stations, located in Rio de Janeiro, were closed after the cancellation of the contract with Companhia Telefônica Industrial, the firm responsible for operating the service. In February, a deal was signed with a German company, which provisionally installed a telephone exchange in the city until the Central Station was inaugurated on November 3, 1899, in a building on Tiradentes Square. On March 9, 1906, a fire destroyed the exchange's facilities, which reopened in September 1906. In 1910, the Interurban Telephone Company was created and began operating in Niterói and Petrópolis.

São Paulo

In 1883 the first telephone station was installed in Santos and had 75 subscribers. On January 5, 1884, the Empresa Telefônica Campineira, the first company in the state of São Paulo, was created in Campinas. On January 7, 1884, the Companhia Telégrafos Urbanos installed the first 22 telephones in the city of São Paulo. However, the firms did not possess exclusive rights to the services.

In 1891, the São Paulo and Santos lines, which belonged to the Companhia União Telefônica do Brasil, were transferred to the Companhia Telefônica do Estado de São Paulo, a firm that also acquired the Campinas lines in 1911. In 1896, the Rede Telefônica Bragantina, which lasted 15 years and served 98 cities in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais, was created in Bragança Paulista. By the end of 1916, the Companhia Telefônica do Estado de São Paulo had established six telephone stations in the city of São Paulo (Central, Brás, Bom Retiro, Cambuci, Água Branca and Cidade), one in Campinas and one in Santos.

Company unification

In 1912, the Canadian holding company Brazilian Traction Light and Power Company Ltd. was created. It controlled the São Paulo Tramway, Light and Power Company and the Rio de Janeiro Tramway, Light and Power Company in the energy sector, as well as the Rio de Janeiro Telephone Company in the telecommunications sector.

In 1914, the firm acquired the Interurban Telephone Company and, in 1916, became the manager of the Companhia Telefônica do Estado de São Paulo and the Rede Telefônica Bragantina through the Rio de Janeiro & São Paulo Telephone Company, authorized to operate by Decree No. 11,500 of February 23, 1915. It also merged the Companhia de Telefones Interestaduais, a telephone operator that worked in several cities in the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. In 1919, Companhia Telefônica do Estado de São Paulo and Rede Telefônica Bragantina were definitively incorporated.

Creation of CTB

On January 15, 1923, at a meeting held by the board of directors of the Brazilian Traction Light and Power Co. Ltd. in Toronto, managers decided that the Rio de Janeiro & São Paulo Telephone Company would change its name to the Brazilian Telephone Company. Decree No. 16.222 of November 28, 1923 authorized the company to continue operating in Brazil and allowed the translation of the name into Portuguese as Companhia Telefônica Brasileira (CTB).

First period (1923-1966)

In 1923 Brazil had 100,000 telephones; 75% of which were controlled by CTB. On March 25, 1929, the company registered 100,000 installed telephones. In December 1936, it operated 166,000 telephones, including 99,000 automatics, 63,000 in Rio de Janeiro (with 16,000 manuals remaining) and 22,000 in São Paulo (with 19,000 manuals remaining). In February 1937, CTB reached 100,000 automatic telephones installed. On July 25, 1939, it reached 200,000 telephones installed by CTB. At the firm's request, the inauguration ceremony was held at the Catete Palace and attended by President Getúlio Vargas and Minister of Foreign Affairs Oswaldo Aranha, who called Carlos Martins, the Brazilian ambassador in Washington.

Operational structure

Administrative headquarters

Файл:Manhã (2726318006).jpg

Detail of the facade of the Sete de Abril Building, listed in 1992.

The administrative headquarters were located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The headquarters of the São Paulo Operations Directorate (DOSP) was based in the Sete de Abril Complex, whose main block is the Sete de Abril Building, an art deco property designed by Ramos de Azevedo in partnership with Severo & Villares in the renowned Ramos de Azevedo Office, and inaugurated on September 24, 1938. Its facade became a heritage site in 1992.

Currently closed, the complex is the second in the city of São Paulo to receive a permit to perform a retrofit within the rules of the Requalifica Centro Program. It will be reopened under the name Basílio 177 as an apartment complex with an open gallery of stores and restaurants.

Telephone exchanges

Federal District

Until 1929, all telephone exchanges in the city of Rio de Janeiro were manual. On December 31, with the inauguration of the North automatic telephone exchange, CTB made the first change to the city's telephone lines, giving the numbers of the main exchanges a one-digit prefix to identify them and forming a five-digit set: Central ("2" station), North automatic ("3" station), North manual ("4" station), Beira Mar ("5" station), Sul ("6" station), Ipanema ("7" station), Vila ("8" station), Ramos ("8-8" station), Piedade ("8-9" station) and Jardim ("9" station). On January 13, 1935, the number 2 was added to the beginning of each telephone prefix.

The manual telephone exchanges in Jacarepaguá, Marechal Hermes, Bangu, Campo Grande, Santa Cruz, Ilha do Governador and Paquetá became automated in 1965 when they began to be operated by Companhia Estadual de Telefones da Guanabara (CETEL).

• December 31, 1929 - inauguration of the city's first automatic telephone exchange;
• 1930 - automation of Ipanema ("7" Station, changed to "27") and Engenho de Dentro ("9" Station, changed to "29") and inauguration of Cascadura satellite ("9-8" Station, changed to "29-8" to replace the Piedade manual);
• 1931 - automation of Tiradentes ("2" Station, changed to "22");
• 1934 - inauguration of Ramos satellite ("9-6" Station, changed to "48-6" to replace the Ramos manual);
• 1935 - inauguration of Maracanã ("48" Station);
• 1936 - automation of Floriano ("43" Station, replacing the manual "24", formerly "4") and Botafogo ("26" Station, formerly "6"), and inauguration of Tiradentes ("42" Station) and Ipanema ("47" Station);
• 1938 - automation of Maracanã ("28" Station, former "8");
• 1939 - inauguration of Grajaú ("38" Station) and Ramos ("30" Station to replace Ramos satellite);
• 1940 - automation of Flamengo ("25" Station, formerly "5");
• 1946 - inauguration of Tiradentes ("32" Station), Copacabana ("37" Station) and Engenho de Dentro ("49" Station);
• 1948 - inauguration of Flamengo ("45" Station) and Botafogo ("46" Station);
• 1949 - inauguration of Tiradentes ("52" Station) and Grajaú ("58" Station);
• 1953 - inauguration of Maracanã ("54" Station) and Copacabana ("57" Station);
• 1954 - inauguration of Maracanã ("34" Station);
• 1956 - inauguration of Copacabana ("36" Station);
• 1959 - inauguration of Tiradentes ("31" Station).

Rio de Janeiro

Inauguration of automatic telephone exchanges:

• 1930 - Petrópolis;
• 1931 - Campos dos Goytacazes;
• 1941 - Niterói;
• 1947 - Teresópolis and Resende;
• 1948 - Vassouras;
• 1951 - São Gonçalo.

City of São Paulo

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Palmeiras telephone exchange, where the first automatic office in São Paulo was installed (1928).

Until the beginning of 1928, the city of São Paulo only had manual telephone exchanges. On January 7, CTB added a digit before the numbers of the four main telephone exchanges, to form a set with five digits: Central ("2" Station), Cidade ("4" Station), Avenida ("7" Station) and Brás ("9" Station).

• July 14, 1928 - inauguration of Palmeiras ("5" Station), the city's first automatic telephone exchange;
• 1929 - automation of Benjamin Constant ("2" Station), renamed "32" in 1951;
• 1931 - inauguration of the Lapa satellite ("5-0" Station) to replace the Água Branca manual and the Penha manual;
• 1935 - Inauguration of the Ipiranga satellite ("3-0" Station) to replace the Cambuci manual, and transfer to the city of the Santo Amaro manual;
• 1936 - inauguration of Jardins ("8" Station, altered to "81" in 1966);
• 1938 - inauguration of Benjamin Constant ("3" Station, modified to "33" in 1951 to replace the Brás manual), Tatuapé satellite ("3-9" Station, modified to "9-0" in 1944 to replace the Penha manual) and Santana satellite ("3-8" Station) to replace the Santana manual;
• 1939 - inauguration of Benjamin Constant ("4" Station), changed to "34" in 1951 to replace the Cidade manual;
• 1944 - reopening of Brás ("9" Station), changed to "93" in 1961;
• 1946 - inauguration of Benjamin Constant ("6" Station), changed to "36" in 1951;
• 1948 - inauguration of Palmeiras ("52" Station);
• 1951 - inauguration of Vila Mariana ("70" and "7" stations, altered to "71" in 1966), and Benjamin Constant ("35" Station), and change of prefix of Avenida ("31" Station);
• 1952 - inauguration of Jardins ("80" Station);
• 1953 - inauguration of Benjamin Constant ("37" Station) and Santo Amaro ("61" Station) to replace Santo Amaro manual;
• 1955 - inauguration of Ipiranga ("63" Station) to replace Ipiranga satellite;
• 1956 - inauguration of Perdizes ("62" Station) and Itaquera, São Miguel Paulista and Guaianases manuals;
• 1960 - inauguration of Perdizes ("65" Station);
• 1961 - inauguration of Brás ("92" Station).

Interior of São Paulo

Inauguration of automatic telephone exchanges:

• 1930 - inauguration of automatic telephone service in Campinas. In 1962, it was extended with "8" Station. The telephone numbering of the first exchange was changed to "9". In 1964, "2" Station was launched;
• 1930 - Jaú;
• 1934 - Inauguration of the automatic telephone service in Santos. In 1948, it was expanded by cutting the area and the "4" Station was launched. The telephone numbering of the Brás Cubas exchange was changed to "2" Station, serving the center and the port region;
• 1940 - Marília;
• 1941 - Pompéia;
• 1959 - Araraquara and Lins;
• 1961 - Rio Claro and São João da Boa Vista;
• 1963 - São José dos Campos and Taubaté;
• 1964 - Bauru and Guarujá;
• 1965 - Taboão da Serra.

Minas Gerais

• 1931 - inauguration of automatic telephone service in Belo Horizonte.

Espírito Santo

• 1954 - inauguration of automatic telephone service in Vitória.

Services

Public telephones

The first coin-operated public telephones were installed in Santos in March 1934 and in Rio de Janeiro in 1935. Later, they were installed in bars, pharmacies and grocery stores. In order to facilitate use, telephone tokens began to be used instead of coins.

Direct distance dialing (DDD)

In 1958, CTB inaugurated the first long-distance automatic direct dialing system (DDD) in Latin America between the cities of São Paulo and Santos using coaxial cables. The following year, the system was inaugurated between the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Niterói.

Telephone directories

The first telephone directory produced by CTB was launched in 1918, when it belonged to the Rio de Janeiro & São Paulo Telephone Company. It continued to be published by the company until 1946, when LTB-Listas Telefônicas Brasileiras, founded by businessman G. J. Huber, former director of CTB's directory department, began its activities as a supplier of telephone directories for Rio de Janeiro. Huber, in exchange for the exclusive rights to sell advertisements, offered to publish the list of subscribers and the Yellow Pages free of charge.

In 1954, CTB sold its shares in LTB to another company, which allowed LTB to produce lists for other concessionaires, while maintaining the contract to publish CTB lists.

Publications

In 1928, the Sino Azul magazine, a monthly periodical distributed free of charge to CTB employees, was launched. The magazine dealt with subjects such as news, cultural aspects, activities in the telephony sector and social notes related to the company. Considered one of the first national business publications, it followed the evolution of telephony in Brazil and was published continuously until 1989.

Crisis and nationalization

Due to the global economic crisis and World War II, telephone equipment stopped arriving in Brazil. From 1940 onwards, the queues for lines increased; in 1945, the queue in Rio de Janeiro amounted to 29,000 people and in São Paulo to 21,000 people. The crisis worsened due to the high import tariffs on equipment. The authority to set prices remained divided between the three branches of government and prevented the uniform establishment of technical and economic criteria. By 1956 the waiting list had reached 139,000 people in Rio de Janeiro and 151,000 in São Paulo. The high demand for telephone lines represented a serious problem in the main urban centers.

Long-distance calls required hours of waiting. Telephone communications with the rest of the world also failed to meet the international needs of Brazil's expanding economy. The cities of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte and Brasília were interconnected via microwave links. Communication to most of the states was via radiotelegraph and radiotelephone services, mostly run by foreign concessionaires (Telégrafo Nacional, Radiobrás, Radional, Western, All América and Italcable).

Changes and loss of concessions

The holding company Brazilian Traction Light and Power Co. Ltd. established telephone services in Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais by founding Companhia Telefônica do Espírito Santo (CTES) in 1951 and Companhia Telefônica de Minas Gerais (CTMG) in 1953, both subsidiaries of CTB. In 1955, CTB served 175 cities in the state of São Paulo, but automated service was only available in the capital and five other towns. Dissatisfaction with the service provided led the government to authorize the creation of local telephone companies in several cities with the intention of implementing automatic exchanges.

In 1958, the Companhia Telefônica da Borda do Campo (CTBC) assumed responsibility for services in the municipalities of ABC Region, as the inadequacy of the telephone connection between these cities and São Paulo had serious economic consequences for the region, which was experiencing fast industrial growth.

During the same period, CTB lost coverage in important cities such as Piracicaba to Telefônica Piracicaba, Jundiaí to Telefônica Jundiaí, Sorocaba to Cia Rede Telefônica Sorocabana, Osasco to Cia Telefônica Suburbana Paulista, Guarulhos to Cia Telefônica de Guarulhos, Mogi das Cruzes to Telefônica Mogi das Cruzes, Jacareí to Telefônica Jacareí, Pindamonhangaba to Cia Telefônica de Pindamonhangaba, Guaratinguetá to the S. M.T.A., São Vicente to Cia Telefônica do Litoral Paulista, São Carlos to Telefônica Central Paulista and Franca to Cia Telefônica de Franca; all of which inaugurated automatic exchanges. It also lost licences in Caçapava to COTESP, Cubatão and Suzano to CTBC, and in other cities such as Aparecida, Atibaia, Cotia, Itanhaém and Ourinhos.

Nationalization

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CTB strike in 1964.

On November 28, 1956, during the Kubitschek government, the Brazilian Telephone Company was nationalized and officially named Companhia Telefônica Brasileira by Decree No. 40,439. Its headquarters were transferred to Rio de Janeiro and its capital divided between seven shareholders: six native Brazilians, each holding a single share, and the holding company Brazilian Traction Light and Power Co. Ltd, now known as Brascan - Brasil Canada Ltda, with almost a million shares.

In 1962, the Brazilian Telecommunications Code was instituted by President João Goulart amid a strong nationalist campaign against the Brascan group and other foreign companies. On March 31, 1962, the federal government, in contact with CTB's management since December 1961 regarding its purchase, decreed intervention in the company for a period of six months, which was extended successively until 1966.

Although the Castelo Branco government expressed an interest in opening up opportunities for private capital to participate in the sector, it ended up nationalizing CTB after extensive negotiations with the Brascan group. In March 1966, Embratel, which was responsible for two-thirds of the Brazilian telephone system and operated in an area containing 45% of the Brazilian population, took control of CTB.

New CTB (1966-1976)

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Manhole with the CTB logo.

In 1966, CTB had 584,000 installed telephone terminals in its coverage area, excluding subsidiaries, including 245,000 in Guanabara, 183,000 in São Paulo, 77,000 in the interior of São Paulo and 34,000 in the state of Rio de Janeiro. 529,000 terminals were in service and 817,000 telephones had been installed. The Brazilian Constitution of 1967 created the Ministry of Communications, which surveyed the telephony situation in Brazil, launched a plan for emergency and long-term solutions and divided CTB's area of operation, assigning it the responsibility of serving the states of Guanabara and Rio de Janeiro.

CTB presidents during this period:

• 1966-1969: Landry Sales Gonçalves;
• 1969-1974: José de Siqueira Meneses Filho;
• 1974-1976: José Nunes Camargo.

First expansion plan

Between 1966 and 1971, CTB launched its first major expansion plan through the system of self-financing telephone lines. Initially, the project focused on the long queue of subscribers who had been waiting to be called since the 1940s and 1950s. The rotary-type electromechanical stations installed in the city of Rio de Janeiro and the uniselector type in the city of São Paulo, which had not yet reached their maximum capacity, were expanded. From then on, the new exchanges installed were electromechanical crossbars.

Guanabara

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Telephone centers in the city of Rio de Janeiro (1976).

Between 1966 and 1971, 129,000 telephone terminals were installed, rotary exchanges were expanded and new Pentaconta 1000 (Standard Electrica) crossbar exchanges equipped for the DDD system were set up. The plan's first telephone exchange was inaugurated in December 1966 in Copacabana ("56" Station) and the first crossbar exchange was installed in July 1968 in Engenho Novo ("61" Station). 10 existing telephone exchanges were renovated and the Engenho Novo telephone exchange was inaugurated in 1968.

In 1969, telephone numbers in Rio de Janeiro received the digit 2 at the beginning of their prefixes. The plan was finalized in 1971 with the installation of the Tiradentes ("224" Station), Copacabana ("255" Station), Engenho Novo ("281" Station) and Ipanema ("287" Station) exchanges.

São Paulo

Файл:Rua Butantã - panoramio.jpg

The Pinheiros telephone center stands to the right.

Between 1966 and 1970, more than 205,000 telephone terminals were installed in two stages: expansion of the uniselector exchanges and installation of new ARF (Ericsson) crossbar exchanges equipped for the DDD system. The project began in March 1966 with the extension of the Ipiranga telephone exchange ("63" Station). The first crossbar exchange was installed in March 1967 in Jardins ("282" Station), the first time a three-digit prefix was used in Brazil. Between 1968 and 1970, 16 new telephone centers were opened:

• First stage: Jabaquara, Lapa (deactivating the Lapa satellite exchange), Penha (deactivating the Tatuapé satellite exchange), Santa Ifigênia, Santana (deactivating the Santana satellite exchange), Anhangabaú, Casa Verde, Consolação, Liberdade and Paraíso (deactivating the Avenida satellite exchange);
• Second stage: Pinheiros, Santo Amaro (the telephone center inaugurated in 1953 was renamed Campo Belo), Ermelino Matarazzo, Guaianases, Itaquera and São Miguel Paulista.

The plan was finalized in September 1970 with the installation of the Brás telephone exchange ("292" Station).

Interior of São Paulo

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CTB coverage area in the state of São Paulo (1973).

Between 1967 and 1971, 35,000 telephone terminals and new automatic exchanges were installed in different cities. Contracts were signed for the installation of automatic networks in 36 cities, including 19 where the telephone system was automated with 5005 crossbar exchanges (Plessey) equipped for DDD and one-digit prefixes.

In 1968, the Embu automatic exchange was inaugurated, and in 1971 "3" Station in Santos was installed in a new building on Washington Luiz Avenue. Construction work was finished on the telephone exchanges in Amparo, Carapicuíba, Ibitinga, Indaiatuba, Lorena, Salto, São Manuel, São Roque, Sertãozinho and Taquaritinga, but these were only activated later by Telesp.

One million phone plan

On December 31, 1971, 899,000 telephone terminals, excluding subsidiaries, were in operation, with a total of 1,125,000 telephones in service. In October 1971, CTB and its subsidiaries launched the plan for the installation of one million telephones by 1975, a priority target for the federal government in the telecommunications sector; 855,000 telephone terminals would be allocated to the CTB area. In 1972, the plan was updated to 920,000 terminals, distributed as follows:

• Guanabara - 234,000 telephone terminals. In 1972, the Flamengo ("285" Station), Grajaú ("288" Station), Ramos ("280" Station) and Tiradentes ("244" Station) telephone centers were inaugurated. In 1975, the Leblon telephone exchange was launched, as were the Leme and Santa Rita stations in 1976. Work has begun on the Arcos (the largest in Latin America with a final capacity of 200,000 terminals) and Cidade Nova telephone centers;
• Rio de Janeiro - 136,000 telephone terminals;
• São Paulo - 375,000 telephone terminals. In 1972, 6,600 terminals were installed in the Jabaquara, Paraíso, Pinheiros and São Miguel telephone centers. In 1973, Telesp inaugurated the telephone exchanges in Campo Belo ("241" Station), Paraíso ("289" Station), Penha ("296" Station), Pinheiros ("210" Station) and Santo Amaro ("246" Station), and continued work on the Guarani telephone center ("271" Station) and the projected telephone centers in Jaguaré, Tremembé and Vila Gustavo;
• Interior of São Paulo - 175,000 telephone terminals. Automatic exchanges were installed in Jacareí, Piracicaba, Votuporanga (managed network) and Promissão, and other stations were expanded. Construction was concluded on the telephone exchanges in Birigui, Barretos, Bebedouro, Piraju, Capivari, Laranjal Paulista, Matão, Paulínia, Pirajuí, Poá and Porto Feliz, which were all activated by Telesp.

500,000 Ericsson terminals, 300,000 Standard Electrica terminals and 160,000 NEC Brasil terminals have been contracted to implement the plan.

Public telephones

In 1970, after the implementation of the expansion plan, CTB launched the "vilafones", public telephones placed in commercial houses and residences situated in low-income neighborhoods. The first public payphones in Brazil were inaugurated on January 20, 1972, in the city of Rio de Janeiro and on January 25, 1972, in the city of São Paulo.

Operational integration

In 1972, Telebrás was created as a holding company to implement the new telecommunications policy. In the same year, CTB transferred control of its subsidiaries CTMG and CTES to the firm. Ordinance No. 331 of May 26, 1972 accredited CTB as a pole company in the states of São Paulo, Guanabara and Rio de Janeiro, in accordance with the guidelines and policy of unifying the telephone system adopted by the Ministry of Communications. Consequently, CTB incorporated or began to manage several telephone companies:

Rio de Janeiro

• Incorporations: S.T.M. Nova Friburgo, Cia. Telefônica Fluminense (Nova Iguaçu), Cia. Telefônica Duque de Caxias, Cia. Telefônica Barra Mansa, Cia. Telefônica Meriti, Telefônica Valença, Telefônica Cambuci, Cia. Telefônica Laje do Muriaé and Telefônica Miracema, Cia. Telefônica de Itaperuna and Cia. Telefônica de Cachoeiras de Macacu, Cia. Telefônica de Itaocara, Telefônica de Miguel Pereira and Cia. Telefônica Paduana.

Interior of São Paulo

• Incorporations: S.T.M. Paulínia, S.T.M. Tabatinga and S.T.M. São José dos Campos, S.M.T.A. Araraquara, S.M.T.A. Taubaté, S.M.T.A. Guarujá and Soc. Telefônica da Estância (Serra Negra), S.T.M. Aguaí, S.T.M. Porto Ferreira, S.M.T.A. Rio Claro and Telefônica Lemense;
• Managed networks: S.M.T.A. Guaratinguetá, S.M.T.A. Lins, S.M.T.A. São João da Boa Vista, Cia. Rede Telefônica Sorocabana, Cia. Telefônica de Guarulhos, Telefônica Jacareí, Cia. Telefônica Rio Preto, Cia. Paulista de Telecomunicações (Piracicaba), Telefônica Jundiaí, Cia. Telefônica Média Mogiana (Casa Branca) and Empresa Telefônica Paulista (Presidente Prudente).

CTB also tried to incorporate Companhia de Telecomunicações do Estado de São Paulo (COTESP), which covered a large area of the state of São Paulo, but was unsuccessful.

DDD/IDD systems

Файл:Inauguração DDD São Paulo TV Tupi (1970) 34.jpg

Inauguration of São Paulo's DDD system with live broadcast by TV Tupi (1970).

In 1969, the Direct Distance Dialing (DDD) system was introduced throughout Brazil. Between 1969 and 1973, the system was integrated into the following CTB areas:

• Guanabara: city of Rio de Janeiro;
• Rio de Janeiro: cities of Niterói, Araruama, Barra do Piraí, Barra Mansa (managed network), Cabo Frio, Campos, Itaboraí, Itaguaí, Itatiaia, Magé, Petrópolis, Resende, São Gonçalo, São Pedro da Aldeia, Teresópolis and Volta Redonda;
• São Paulo: the cities of São Paulo (with an official inauguration in July 1970 broadcast live by TV Tupi), Santos, Guarujá and Cubatão (incoming only), and Presidente Prudente (managed network).

The International Direct Dialing (IDD) system was implemented in these cities by Telerj and Telesp.

Coverage area: Rio de Janeiro

Locations served by CTB in the state of Rio de Janeiro transferred to Telerj in 1976:

Telephone center	Automatic control panel
	Rotary	Cross bars
Tiradentes	221 (1959) 222 (1931) 242 (1936) 232 (1946) 252 (1949)	221 (1969) 224 (1971) 244 (1972)
Engenho Novo		261 (1968) 281 (1971) 201 (1974)
Floriano	223 (1929) 243 (1936)
Santa Rita		233 (1976) 253 (1976) 263 (1976) 293 (1976)
Cidade Nova		273 293
Maracanã	234 (1954) 254 (1953) 228 (1938) 248 (1935)	264 (1969) 284 (1974)
Leblon		274 (1975) 294 (1975) 239 259
Flamengo	225 (1940) 245 (1948)	265 (1969) 285 (1972) 205 (1974)
Copacabana	236 (1956) 256 (1966) 237 (1946) 257 (1953)	235 (1969) 255 (1971)
Leme		275 (1976) 295
Botafogo	226 (1936) 246 (1948)	266 (1970) 286 (1976)
Ipanema	227 (1930) 247 (1936)	267 (1969) 287 (1971)
Grajaú	238 (1939) 258 (1949)	268 (1969) 288 (1974) 208 (1976)
Engenho de Dentro	229 (1930) 249 (1946)	269 (1976) 289 (1976)
Chile Avenue (Arcos)		220 240 262 282
Ramos	230 (1939)	260 (1969) 280 (1972) 270

Coverage area: São Paulo

Locations served by CTB in the state of São Paulo transferred to Telesp in 1973:

City of São Paulo

Telephone center	Automatic control panel
	Uniselector	Cross bars
Santa Ifigênia		220 (1968) 221 (1969)
Anhangabaú		227 (1969) 228 (1970)
Benjamin Constant	32 (1929) 33 (1938) 34 (1939) 35 (1951) 36 (1946) 37 (1953)	239 (1967)
Palmeiras	51 (1928) 52 (1948)
Consolação		256 (1969) 257 (1970)
Lapa		260 (1968)
Campo Belo	61 (1953)	267 (1967) 241
Perdizes	62 (1956) 65 (1960)	262 (1969)
Casa Verde		266 (1969)
Santo Amaro		269 (1969) 246
Vila Mariana	70 (1951) 71 (1951)
Guarani		271
Ipiranga	63 (1955)	273 (1969) 274 (1969)
Jabaquara		275 (1968) 276 (1970)
Liberdade		278 (1969) 279 (1970)
Jardins	80 (1952) 81 (1936)	282 (1967)
Pinheiros		286 (1969) 210
Paraíso		287 (1969) 288 (1969) 289
Brás	92 (1961) 93 (1944)	292 (1970)
Penha		295 (1968) 296
São Miguel Paulista		297-0 (1970)
Ermelino Matarazzo		297-4 (1970)
Itaquera		297-6 (1970)
Guaianases		297-8 (1970)
Santana		298 (1968) 299 (1969)

Interior of São Paulo

Location	Telephone exchange	Year
Aguaí	automatic	1962
Águas da Prata	manual
Águas de Lindóia	manual
Agudos	manual
Altair	manual
Alto Alegre	manual
Américo Brasiliense	manual
Amparo	manual
Analândia	manual
Arandu	manual
Araraquara	automatic	1959
Areias	PS
Areiópolis	manual
Avaí	manual
Avanhandava	manual
Avaré	automatic	1970
Barra Bonita	automatic	1970
Barretos	manual
Barrinha	manual
Barueri	manual
Bauru	automatic	1964
Bebedouro	manual
Bernardino de Campos	manual
Bertioga	manual
Bocaína	manual
Boituva	manual
Botucatu	automatic	1970
Bragança Paulista	automatic	1970
Brotas	manual
Cabrália Paulista	manual
Cafelândia	manual
Cajobi	manual
Campinas - "2" Station	automatic	1964
Campinas - "8" Station	automatic	1962
Campinas - "9" Station	automatic	1930
Cândido Rodrigues	manual
Capivari	manual
Carapicuíba	manual (shared with Barueri)
Cerqueira César	manual
Cerquilho	manual
Cesário Longe	manual
Chavantes	manual
Colina	manual
Concha	manual
Corumbataí	manual
Cravinhos	manual
Cristais Paulistas	manual
Cruzeiro	automatic	1970
Dobrada	manual
Dois Córregos	manual
Embu	automatic	1968
Enseada	automatic	1969
Fernando Prestes	PS
Ferraz de Vasconcelos	manual
Francisco Morato	manual
Franco da Rocha	manual
Gália	manual
Garça	automatic	1970
Glicério	manual
Guaiçara	manual
Guaraci	manual
Guarantã	manual
Guararema	manual
Guariba	manual
Guarujá	automatic	1964
Herculância	manual
Ibaté	manual
Ibitinga	manual
Icém	manual
Igaraçu do Tietê	manual (shared with Barra Bonita)
Indaiatuba	manual
Ipaussu	manual
Itapecerica da Serra	manual
Itapetininga	automatic	1970
Itapeva	automatic	1970
Itapevi	PS
Itapira	automatic	1970
Itápolis	manual
Itapuí	manual
Itaquequecetuba	manual
Itatiba	automatic	1970
Itatinga	manual
Itarapina	manual
Itu	automatic	1980
Jaborandi	manual
Jaboticabaí	automatic	1970
Jandira	manual
Jaú	automatic	1930
Jeriquara	PS
Joanópolis	manual
Laranjal Paulista	manual
Lavrinhas	manual
Leme	automatic	1962
Lençois Paulistas	automatic	1970
Lindóia	manual
Lorena	manual
Mairinque	manual
Manduri	manual
Maracaí	manual
Marília	automatic	1940
Matão	manual
Mineiros do Tietê	manual
Mococa	automatic	1970
Mogi Guaçu	automatic	1970
Mogi Mirim	automatic	1970
Monte Alegre do Sul	manual
Monte Azul Paulista	manual
Olímpia	manual
Oriente	manual
Orindiúva	manual
Pardinho	manual
Paulínia	manual
Paulo de Faria	manual
Pederneiras	manual
Pedreira	manual
Penápolis	automatic	1970
Pereiras	manual
Piedade	automatic	1970
Piracaia	manual
Piraju	manual
Pirajuí	manual
Pirapora do Bom Jesus
Piratininga	manual
Pitangueiras	manual
Poá	manual
Pompéia	automatic	1941
Pontal	manual
Porto Feliz	manual
Pradópolis	manual
Presidente Alves	manual
Promissão	automatic	1972
Queluz	manual
Quintana	manual
Quiririm	manual
Rafard	manual (shared with Capivari)
Restinga	manual
Ribeirão Bonito	manual
Rincão	manual
Rio Claro	automatic	1961
Riolândia	manual
Roseira	manual
Salto	manual
Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo	manual
Santa Gertrudes	manual
Santa Lúcia	manual
Santa Maria da Serra	manual
Santa Rosa do Viterbo	manual
Santana de Parnaíba	vilafone
Santos - "2" Station	automatic	1934
Santos - "3" Station	automatic	1971
Santos - "4" Station	automatic	1948
São José da Bela Vista	manual
São José do Barreiro	manual
São José dos Campos	automatic	1963
São Manuel	manual
São Pedro	manual
São Roque	manual
São Simão	manual
Sarutaiá	manual
Serra Azul	manual
Serra Negra	automatic	1967
Serrana	manual
Sertãozinho	manual
Severínia	manual
Silveiras	PS
Socorro	manual
Sousas	manual
Tabatinga	manual
Taboão da Serra	automatic	1965
Taiúva	manual
Taquaritinga	manual
Tatuí	automatic	1970
Taubaté	automatic	1963
Terra Roxa	manual
Tietê	manual
Torrinha	manual
Tremembé	manual
Vera Cruz	manual
Vicente de Carvalho	automatic	1969
Viradouro	manual

End of business

In April 1973, Telecomunicações de São Paulo (Telesp) was created. The following month, CTB transferred all its assets in the state to the new company, as had already been determined years earlier by the Ministry of Communications. CTB began to concentrate on expanding and modernizing services in the area formed by the states of Guanabara and Rio de Janeiro. After the merger of the two states in 1975, CTB was abolished and incorporated by Telecomunicações do Rio de Janeiro (Telerj) in February 1976. At the time, CTB operated 649,400 telephone terminals in the city of Rio de Janeiro, distributed over 57 exchanges installed in 14 telephone centers.

The telephone exchange buildings built by CTB, including the oldest ones that were not demolished, are still used today by Vivo in the state of São Paulo and Oi in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

See also

• Telesp
• Telebrás
• Telefônica Brasil