Английская Википедия:Composition of Connacht

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Версия от 23:17, 20 февраля 2024; EducationBot (обсуждение | вклад) (Новая страница: «{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}} {{more footnotes needed|date=August 2020}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} {{Use Hiberno-English|date=August 2020}} The '''Composition of Connacht''', or '''Composition of Connaught and Thomond''', was a 1585 agreement between, on the one hand, the Gaelic and Gaelicised chiefs of Connacht and Thomond and, on the other hand, the English Dublin Castle admi...»)
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Шаблон:More footnotes needed Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use Hiberno-English The Composition of Connacht, or Composition of Connaught and Thomond, was a 1585 agreement between, on the one hand, the Gaelic and Gaelicised chiefs of Connacht and Thomond and, on the other hand, the English Dublin Castle administration of the Kingdom of Ireland, which replaced the multiple existing levies with a single tax on land holdings. The Composition was a form of surrender and regrant, a part of the Tudor reconquest of Ireland. The English leaders were Sir John Perrot, as Lord Deputy of Ireland, and Sir Richard Bingham, as Governor of the Presidency of Connacht.

Connacht was made a Presidency in 1569 and divided into counties afterwards, but the county administration did not function efficiently until the Composition. In 1577, Lord Deputy Henry Sidney instigated a first Composition, which collapsed when President Nicholas Malby died. Under the 1585 Composition, the "countries" (cantreds or trícha céts) of the chiefs became baronies of the counties. The counties affected by the composition included Clare, which, under the name Thomond, was part of the Presidency of Connaught from 1569 until about 1600.[n 1]

Charges

Prior to the composition, a landholder was liable to pay various charges: to the English a cess to cover the cost of the garrisons; and to the Gaelic chief coyne and livery for his private army, and "cuttings" and "coshery" for his household. These were to be replaced with a fixed annual rent of 10 shillings per quarter[n 2] of inhabited land payable to the Presidency, plus a variable Composition rent payable to the local chief. Some lands, termed "freedoms", were exempt from Composition rent.

Title

The Composition book recorded the names of the holders of many quarters, together with the amount of rent to which they would be liable. Later generations assumed that this amounted to a proof of title to the land for the heirs of those named. This assumption was denied in the 1630s by Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford. Following the Civil wars of the 1640s, land in Connacht was again reassigned as part of the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.

People

The following people were either members of the Commission, signatories of the composition, or both:

Name Role Commissioner? Signatory?
Шаблон:Sortname Chief Commissioner; Governor of Connacht Y
Шаблон:Sortname Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland Y
Шаблон:Sortname Master of the Rolls in Ireland Y
Шаблон:Sortname Attorney-General for Ireland Y
Шаблон:Sortname MP for County Galway Y
Шаблон:Sortname Chief Justice of Connacht Y
Шаблон:Sortname Attorney-general of Connacht Y
Шаблон:Sortname Archbishop of Tuam Y Y
Шаблон:Sortname Bishop of Clonfert Y
Шаблон:Sortname Bishop of Elphin Y
Шаблон:Sortname Bishop-elect of Killala[n 3] Y
Шаблон:Sortname Bishop of Achonry Y
Шаблон:Sortname Provost-Marshal of Connaught Y
Шаблон:Sortname Alderman on Dublin Corporation Y
Шаблон:Sortname Earl of Ormond Y
Шаблон:Sortname Earl of Clanricarde Y Y
Шаблон:Sortname Baron Athenry Y
Шаблон:Sortname Seneschal of Corcomroe and Burren[3] Y
Шаблон:Sortname O'Connor Sligo Y Y
Шаблон:Sortname Lord of West Breifne Y
Шаблон:Sortname Mac William Íochtar Y Y
Шаблон:Sortname Chief of Iar Connacht Y Y
Шаблон:Sortname MP for County Sligo Y
Шаблон:Sortname Barkley's successor as Provost-Marshal of Connaught[4] Y
Шаблон:Sortname Sheriff of County Mayo[5] Y
Шаблон:Sortname Earl of Thomond Y
Шаблон:Sortname Wife of Murrough O'Brien, 4th Baron Inchiquin[n 4] Y

Footnotes

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References

Sources

Primary
Secondary

Citations

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