Английская Википедия:Convoy SC 118

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox military conflict

Convoy SC 118 was the 118th of the numbered series of World War II slow convoys of merchant ships from Sydney, Cape Breton Island, to Liverpool.[1] The ships departed New York City on 24 January 1943[2] and were met by Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group B-2 consisting of V-class destroyers Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS, the Шаблон:Sclass2 cutter Шаблон:USCGC, the Шаблон:Sclass2 Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:Sclass2s Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:Ship, and the convoy rescue ship Toward.[3]

Background

A painting of a large grey ship at sea, black smoke coming from its funnel
A painting of one the ships in the convoy, SS Radport

As western Atlantic coastal convoys brought an end to the "second happy time", Admiral Karl Dönitz, the Befehlshaber der U-Boote (BdU) or commander in chief of U-boats, shifted focus to the mid-Atlantic to avoid aircraft patrols. Although convoy routing was less predictable in the mid-ocean, Dönitz anticipated that the increased numbers of U-boats being produced would be able to effectively search for convoys with the advantage of intelligence gained through B-Dienst decryption of British Naval Cypher Number 3.[4] However, only 20 percent of the 180 trans-Atlantic convoys sailing from the end of July 1942 until the end of April 1943 lost ships to U-boat attack.[5]

On 2 February Шаблон:GS sank three ships from convoy HX 224. A survivor of one of the sunken ships was picked up by Шаблон:GS and told his rescuers a slower convoy was following behind HX 224.[6]

Battle

4 February 1943

A careless merchant seaman of convoy SC 118 fired a pyrotechnic snowflake projector aboard the Norwegian freighter SS Vannik in the pre-dawn darkness of 4 February.[6] Шаблон:GS observed the snowflake display, reported sighting the convoy, and was promptly sunk by Beverly and Vimy after Bibb and Toward triangulated the submarine's location from the sighting report, using high-frequency radio direction-finder (HF/DF or Huff-Duff).[3] The destroyers rescued 44 of the submarine's crew.[7] The Polish freighter Zagloba was torpedoed on the unprotected side of the convoy by Шаблон:GS and Шаблон:GS torpedoed the straggling American freighter West Portal.[3]

5 February 1943

On 5 February the convoy escort was reinforced by the Шаблон:Sclass2 cutter Шаблон:USCGC and the Шаблон:Sclasss Шаблон:USS and Шаблон:USS from Iceland.[3] The reinforced escort damaged U-262 and Шаблон:GS.[8]

7 February 1943

In the pre-dawn hours of 7 February, Kapitänleutnant Siegfried von Forstner's Шаблон:GS torpedoed the British freighter Afrika, Norwegian tanker Daghild, Greek freighter Kalliopi, American tanker Robert E. Hopkins, American cargo liner Шаблон:USS, and convoy rescue ship Toward.[9]

Henry R. Mallory was capable of Шаблон:Convert but had been straggling well astern of the convoy for several days and was not zig-zagging in that exposed position.[10] Mallory would normally have been assigned to one of the faster HX convoys, but there had been no Iceland section of the preceding convoy HX 224.[10] No commands came from the bridge after Mallory was torpedoed, no flares were sent up, no radio distress message was sent out, and no orders were given to abandon ship.[11] There were heavy casualties from MalloryШаблон:'s crew of 77, 34 Navy gunners, and the 136 American soldiers, 172 American sailors, and 72 American Marines she was transporting to Iceland.[12]

Шаблон:GS sank the straggling British freighter Harmala[9] while Lobelia sank Шаблон:GS.[3]

B-17 Flying Fortress J of No. 220 Squadron RAF sank U-614 on 7 February.[3] U-402 sank British freighter Newton Ash that night. On 9 February Kapitänleutnant von Forstner was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for ships sunk by U-402 from this convoy and from Convoy SC 107 on the previous patrol. SC 118 reached Liverpool without further loss on 12 February.[2]

Ships in convoy

Name[13] Flag[13] Dead[9] Tonnage (GRT)[13] Cargo[9] Notes[13]
Acme (1916) Шаблон:Flagcountry 6,878 Petrol & oil
Adamas (1918) Шаблон:Flagcountry 0 4,144 Steel & lumber Sank 8 Feb after collision with Шаблон:SS
African Prince (1939) Шаблон:Flagcountry 8,031 Bauxite and ammunition Carried convoy commodore Capt H C C Forsyth RD RNR
Afrika (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry 23 8,597 4,000 tons steel & 7,000 tons general cargo Sunk by Шаблон:GS 7 Feb
Ann Skakel (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry 4,949 General cargo Veteran of convoy SC 107; Detached to Iceland 9 Feb
Arizpa (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry 0 5,437 Stores
Athelprince (1926) Шаблон:Flagcountry 8,782 Diesel & naptha Convoy vice-commodore was ship's master
Baron Haig (1926) Шаблон:Flagcountry 3,391 Sugar
Baron Ramsey (1929) Шаблон:Flagcountry 3,650 Iron ore Veteran of convoy SC 42
Bestik (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry 2,684 Steel & lumber
Blairdevon (1925) Шаблон:Flagcountry 3,282 Steel & lumber
Celtic Star (1918) Шаблон:Flagcountry 5,575 refrigerated & general cargo
Cetus (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry 2,614 Sugar Veteran of convoy HX 84; survived this convoy and convoy SC 130
City of Khios (1925) Шаблон:Flagcountry 5,574 Sugar
Daghild (1927) Шаблон:Flagcountry 0 9,272 13,000 tons Diesel Veteran of convoy ON 127; sunk by Шаблон:GS, Шаблон:GS & Шаблон:GS
Dallington Court (1929) Шаблон:Flagcountry 6,889 Wheat Survived this convoy and convoy SC 130
Danae II (1936) Шаблон:Flagcountry 2,660 Bauxite Veteran of convoy HX 84
Danby (1937) Шаблон:Flagcountry 4,281 Linseed & grain
Daylight (1931) Шаблон:Flagcountry 9,180 General cargo Escort oiler; Detached to Iceland 9 Feb; survived this convoy and convoy SC 130
Deido (1928) Шаблон:Flagcountry 3,894 Petrol
Dettifoss (1930) Шаблон:Flagcountry 1,564 General cargo Detached to Iceland 9 Feb
Dordrecht (1928) Шаблон:Flagcountry 4,402 Palm oil Returned to Halifax
Шаблон:SS (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry 2,847 Bauxite
Шаблон:SS (1941) Шаблон:Flagcountry 7,157 General cargo
Glarona (1928) Шаблон:Flagcountry 9,912 fuel oil & Diesel
Gogra (1919) Шаблон:Flagcountry 5,190 General cargo
Gold Shell (1931) Шаблон:Flagcountry 8,208 Petrol
Grey County (1918) Шаблон:Flagcountry 3 5,194 General cargo
Gulf of Mexico (1917) Шаблон:Flagcountry 7,807 Oil & petrol
H M Flagler (1918) Шаблон:Flagcountry 8,208 Furnace fuel oil Escort oiler
Harmala (1935) Шаблон:Flagcountry 53 5,730 8,500 tons iron ore Straggled and sunk by Шаблон:GS 7 Feb
Helder (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry 3,629 General cargo
Henry Mallory (1916) Шаблон:Flagcountry 272 6,063 383 passengers & general cargo Veteran of convoy ON 154; sunk by Шаблон:GS 7 Feb
Ioannis Frangos (1912) Шаблон:Flagcountry 3,442 Grain
Julius Thomsen (1927) Шаблон:Flagcountry 1,151 Detached to Greenland
Kalliopi (1910) Шаблон:Flagcountry 4 4,965 6,500 tons steel & lumber Sunk by Шаблон:GS 7 Feb
King Stephen (1928) Шаблон:Flagcountry 5,274 Grain
Kiruna (1921) Шаблон:Flagcountry 5,484 General cargo Veteran of convoy HX 79 and convoy ON 154
Lagarfoss (1904) Шаблон:Flagcountry 1,211 General cargo Detached to Iceland 9 Feb; survived this convoy and convoy SC 130
Makedonia (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry 7,044 Flour
Mana (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry 3,283 General cargo Detached to Iceland 9 Feb
Maud (1930) Шаблон:Flagcountry 3,189 Sugar
New York City (1917) Шаблон:Flagcountry 2,710 General cargo Veteran of convoy SC 107
Newton Ash (1925) Шаблон:Flagcountry 32 4,625 6,500 tons grain, mail & military stores Sunk by Шаблон:GS 7 Feb
Norbryn (1922) Шаблон:Flagcountry 5,087 Tea & rubber
Permian (1931) Шаблон:Flagcountry 8,890 Survived this convoy and convoy SC 122
Petter II (1922) Шаблон:Flagcountry 7,417 Gas oil
Polyktor (1914) Шаблон:Flagcountry 4,077 Grain Sunk by Шаблон:GS
Radmanso (1914) Шаблон:Flagcountry 4,280 Sulphur
Radport (1925) Шаблон:Flagcountry 5,355 General cargo
Redgate (1929) Шаблон:Flagcountry 4,323 General cargo
Robert E. Hopkins (1921) Шаблон:Flagcountry 0 6,625 8,500 tons furnace fuel oil Escort oiler; sunk by Шаблон:GS 7 Feb
Шаблон:SS (1942) Шаблон:Flagcountry 7,181 General cargo Liberty ship
Sheaf Holme (1929) Шаблон:Flagcountry 4,814 Potash & general cargo Survived this convoy and convoy SC 130
Sommerstad (1926) Шаблон:Flagcountry 5,923 Lubricating oil
Stad Arnhem (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry 3,819 Phosphates
Tilemachos (1911) Шаблон:Flagcountry 3,658 Grain
Toward (1923) Шаблон:Flagcountry 58 1,571 Rescue ship; sunk by Шаблон:GS 7 Feb
Vacuum (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry 7,020 Petrol
Vannik (1940) Шаблон:Flagcountry 1,333 General cargo Detached to Iceland 9 Feb
West Portal (1920) Шаблон:Flagcountry 5,376 Stores Straggled and sunk by Шаблон:GS 4 Feb
William Penn (1921) Шаблон:Flagcountry 8,447 Petrol
Yemassee (1922) Шаблон:Flagcountry 2,001 General cargo Detached to Iceland 9 Feb
Zagloba (1938) Шаблон:Flagcountry 2,864 Ammunition & general cargo Sunk by Шаблон:GS 4 Feb

See also

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Hague 2000 p. 133
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Hague 2000 p.135
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 Rohwer & Hummelchen 1992 p. 191
  4. ↑ Tarrant p. 108
  5. ↑ Hague pp. 132, 137–38, 161–62, 164, 181
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 Waters December 1966 p.96
  7. ↑ Waters December 1966 p.97
  8. ↑ Waters December 1966 p. 98
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 Hague 2000 p.137
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 Waters December 1966 p.102
  11. ↑ Waters December 1966 p.103
  12. ↑ Morison 1975 p. 336
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 13,3 Шаблон:Cite web
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