Английская Википедия:Course of Freedom

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Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox political party Course of Freedom (Шаблон:Lang-el) is a Greek anti‑establishment[1][2][3] political party founded on 19 April 2016, by former President of the Hellenic Parliament, Zoe Konstantopoulou.[4]

History

After the agreement for the Third Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece by the first government of SYRIZA-ANEL, in opposition to this Zoe Konstantopoulou dissociated her anti-austerity views from the party as part of a breakaway of a nationalist, Eurosceptic, hard left faction, and participated in the following legislative elections as the leader of Popular Unity in Athens A'.[5][6][7] However, the party did not manage to achieve the electoral threshold for representation in the legislature.

On 19 April 2016, she announced the founding of Course of Freedom. According to its founding declaration, the party's purpose of action consists of democracy, justice, transparency, rights, debt cancellation and claim for World War II reparations.[8]

Konstantopoulou, along with the party, had attended and called for support of the "Macedonia name" anti-Prespa Agreement mass protests of 2018 and 2019, with the slogan "I'm not ceding my homeland", having been the only political figure of the Greek left to openly do so.[9][10][3][11]

The party cooperates electorally with the I Don't Pay Movement, whose leaders were included in Course of Freedom's ballot to run in the European and Greek national elections of 2019.[12] [13]

Course of Freedom was able to enter the Hellenic Parliament at the June 2023 legislative election, scoring 3,17% and electing 8 members of Parliament.[14]

The party condemned the attacks on health facilities during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war after party president Konstantopoulou met with the Palestinian envoy, [15] expressing her support for the Palestinian people; she vowed that Course of Freedom will "be the voice" of Palestine in Greece[16]

Ideology

Course of Freedom was established on an anti‑memoranda ideology,[4] based on its founder's Zoe Konstantopoulou's hardliner[17] opposition to austerity, neoliberalism, "tax inequality", Greece's creditors, and the Troika,[18][19][20][21][22] and has been seen as "left‑wing populist".[3][23] It has been described by some commentators as "nominally left",[24][7][25] or far‑left,[26][27][28] although Konstantopoulou describes it as anti‑establishment and "neither left nor right" instead.[2] The party's political position has also been considered to be "catch‑all",[25] accruing support from both left-wing and right-wing voters, including a component from the far-right,[3][29] owning to its generalized anti‑establishment positions.[3][29] Course of Freedom is considered to be a sovereignist party[3] and appeals to nationalist sentiments,[24][18] and has been labelled as "nationalist left"[30][31][32] or left‑wing nationalist.[33][34][35]

Course of Freedom's political position has also been evaluated as solely anti‑establishment[1][36][37][38] or simply populist "anti‑systemic".[39][18] It is considered to be a radical formation,[40][41] espousing a virulent rejection of all politicians while still embracing legalism and institutionalism.[3]

Konstantopoulou has criticized privatizations, taxation increases, "media oligarchs", and auctioning off and bank seizures of homes of overindebted families and electronic auctions.[42] The party has also come in support of refugees, the LGBT community, opponents to COVID-19 vaccination, and of victims of sexism and sexual violence.[3]

Course of Freedom is an Hard Eurosceptic party, with Konstantopoulou calling it a "monstrous creation" lacking in democracy that is "not a union to belong to";[43][44] the party's founding declaration denounces "Eurobureaucracy" as totalitarianism.[45]

Konstantopoulou and the party have also launched a "Don't Pay" movement and a campaign of "general disobedience" towards debts, taxes and insurance contributions since 2017.[46]

Positions

The party's positions include the cancellation of the country's national debt (that Zoe Konstantopoulou has previously during her time in government affirmed as "illegal, illegitimate, odious and unsustainable" and "unconstitutionally accumulated"[47] based on the report of the Hellenic Parliament's Greek Debt Truth Commission[48]), opposition to the Prespa naming agreement on North Macedonia's name and calling for a referendum on it,[49] claiming German war reparations and loans of up to €350 billion,[43] additional compensation for Nazi atrocities,[2] expanding Greece’s territorial waters to 10km, and opposition to mandatory vaccination.[50]

Its founding declaration supports positions of popular democracy and participatory democracy, and includes proposals like the institutionalization of mandatory referendums, citizen participation in the justice system, renationalization of all public enterprises and public assets, the dissolution of the HRADF S.A, and an accountancy audit of Greek debt, insurance funds and state-owned institutions.[45]

Course of Freedom has supported and voted in favour of legalising same-sex marriage[51]

Composition

Participating partners

Τhe following members are nationally affiliated by running in elections using Course of Freedom's ballot:

Party Ideology Position
Шаблон:Nowrap beginI Don't Pay Movement (party)Шаблон:Nowrap end

Шаблон:Lang

Activism
Euroscepticism
Шаблон:Nowrap beginCivil DisobedienceШаблон:Nowrap end 		Far-left

Election results

Hellenic Parliament

Election Hellenic Parliament Rank Government Leader
Votes % ±pp Seats won +/−
2019 82,673 1.46% New Шаблон:Infobox political party/seats New #8 Шаблон:No Zoe Konstantopoulou
May 2023 170,298 2.89% +1.43 Шаблон:Infobox political party/seats Шаблон:Steady 0 #7 Шаблон:No
Jun 2023 165,210 3.17% +0.28 Шаблон:Infobox political party/seats Шаблон:Increase 8 #8 Шаблон:No2

European Parliament

European Parliament
Election Votes % ±pp Seats won +/− Rank Leader
2019 81,269 1.6% New Шаблон:Composition bar - #8 Zoe Konstantopoulou

References

Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:Greek political parties

Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Euroscepticism_and_Anti-Establishment_political_orientation не указан текст
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Zoe Konstantopoulou: Mr. Tsipras is destroying the country : "Precisely how would Plefsi Eleftherias describe its political identity? Some critics say that you do not belong to the Left [...] We are a force that aims to overturn the establishment, and we are appealing to all democratically active citizens, without the walls of old-party divisions. We look neither to the Left nor the Right" in.gr 21 October 2018, Retrieved 24 June 2019
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 3,7 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок sovereignitism_and_political_profile не указан текст
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Ruling New Democracy wins Greek elections, far-right make gains, pseudo-left Syriza routed World Socialist Web Site 26/06/2023, Retrieved 27/06/2023
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Greeks not ready to give up the name Macedonia Kosovo 2.0 09.02.2018, Retrieved 29/06/2023
  10. ↑ Konstantopoulou: I am not ceding my homeland, I am not erasing its history in.gr January 19, 2019, Retrieved 29/06/2023
  11. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок left_nationalism_Jacobin не указан текст
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  17. ↑ Greek ruling party heads toward split before bailout vote Reuters August 13, 2015, Retrieved 21/06/2023
  18. ↑ 18,0 18,1 18,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок anti-austerity_not_left не указан текст
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  24. ↑ 24,0 24,1 Konstantopoulou aims to double her party's vote Kathimerini, e-Kathimerini 28/05/2023, Retrieved 16/05/2023
  25. ↑ 25,0 25,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  28. ↑ The true message from the ballot box Kathimerini, e-Kathimerini 27.06.2023, Retrieved 29/06/2023
  29. ↑ 29,0 29,1 Aims and expectations in Sunday's election Kathimerini, e-Kathimerini 21/05/2023, Retrieved 21/06/2023
  30. ↑ What To Know As Greece Votes Again In Legislative Polls Neos Kosmos (newspaper) June 17, 2023, Retrieved 27/06/2023
  31. ↑ New Greek Parliament Barron's (newspaper) June 26, 2023, Retrieved 27/06/2023
  32. ↑ New elections in Greece: How owls carry to Athens Die Tageszeitung (taz.de) 24/5/2023, Retrieved 01/7/2023
  33. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  34. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  35. ↑ Mitsotakis before his second term 26 June 2023 Die Tageszeitung (taz.de) , Retrieved 8 September 2023
  36. ↑ Conservative New Democracy wins majority in Greek parliamentary elections, far-right makes gains The People's Dispatch June 26, 2023, Retrieved 26/06/2023
  37. ↑ Poll gives New Democracy 21.5-point lead over SYRIZA Kathimerini, e-Kathimerini 23/06/20230, Retrieved 26/06/2023
  38. ↑ [1] Kathimerini, e-Kathimerini 13/06/20230, Retrieved 27/06/2023
  39. ↑ Populist Right Finds Fertile Ground in Greece Agenda Pūblica 26/06/2023, Retrieved 27/06/2023
  40. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  41. ↑ Why the Left Fell and the Right Rose in Greece, Politics Today, July 31, 2023, Retrieved 15 September 2023
  42. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок criticisms не указан текст
  43. ↑ 43,0 43,1 European elections 2019: Love and hate in EU after economic rescues BBC 13 May 2019, Retrieved 21/06/2023
  44. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  45. ↑ 45,0 45,1 Ιδρυτική Διακήρυξη Πλεύσης Ελευθερίας The Founding Declaration of Course of Freedom
  46. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  47. ↑ Greek debt 'illegal, illegitimate and odious' BBC, BBC News 18 June 2015, Retrieved 24/06/2023
  48. ↑ Hellenic Parliament's Debt Truth Committee Preliminary Findings – Executive Summary of the report Hellenic Parliament Press Office June 17, 2015, Retrieved 24/06/2023
  49. ↑ Greek parliament votes in support of Macedonia name change : "Zoe Konstantopoulou, former parliamentary speaker for Syriza and now leader of the pseudo-left Course of Freedom (Plevsi Eleftherias), called in the newspaper Ta Nea for a referendum on the deal.", World Socialist Web Site 30 January 2019, Retrieved 30/06/2023
  50. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  51. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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