Английская Википедия:Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:About Шаблон:Infobox museum The Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame (Salón de la Fama del Béisbol Cubano) is a hall of fame that honors eminent baseball players from Cuban baseball. Established in 1939 to honor players, managers, and umpires in the pre-revolution Cuban League, by 1961 it had honored 68 players, managers, and umpires whose names are shown on a marble plaque at Havana's Estadio Latinoamericano.[1] After the revolution, however, the Hall of Fame languished for more than 50 years, seldom mentioned or acknowledged and with no new inductees. Following a campaign led by Cuban filmmaker Ian Padrón, a meeting was held on November 7–8, 2014 to reformulate the Hall of Fame and to propose a museum in which it would be housed. The reformulated Hall recognized the original 68 members, and a jury of 25 people selected 10 new inductees—five from the pre-revolution period and five representing for the first time the post-revolution Cuban National Series. The planned site for the new museum is in the José Antonio Echeverría Workers' Social Club (also known as the Vedado Tennis Club).[2]

History

Pre-revolution (1939–1961)

The Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame was established by the DGND (Dirección General Nacional de Deportes), a government agency supervising sports activities in Cuba.[3] The hall was inaugurated on July 26, 1939—about six weeks after the June 12 dedication and opening of the U.S. National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown—by placing a bronze plaque at Havana's La Tropical Stadium.[4] The first ten inductees were selected by former and current baseball writers and the DGND's baseball advisers (asesores de baseball). The inaugural class included 19th-century Cuban stars (Antonio María García, Valentín González, Adolfo Luján, and Carlos Royer), black players who had achieved success in the U.S. Negro leagues (Luis Bustamante, José de la Caridad Méndez, Gervasio González, and Cristóbal Torriente), and white players who had played Major League Baseball (Rafael Almeida and Armando Marsans).[5] Méndez and Torriente, along with later inductee Martín Dihigo, subsequently were also recognized by the U.S. Hall of Fame.[6]

The bronze plaque was subsequently replaced by a marble plaque that hangs on a wall "in a poorly lit corner" of Havana's Estadio Latinoamericano.[7] Before listing the names of the inductees, the introductory section of the plaque reads,

<poem>

Cuban Professional Baseball Hall of Fame List of players that have been selected as BASEBALL IMMORTALS And have deserved this just recognition for their distinguished work maintaining an undying memory of what they were in this sport[7]

</poem>

While all of the inductees were recognized as baseball players, in several cases their distinction reflected, at least in part, accomplishments achieved after their playing careers. For example, Emilio Sabourín, Agustín Molina, and José Rodríguez were long-time managers who won championships, as also were more celebrated players such as Dihigo, Miguel Angel González, Adolfo Luque, and Marsans.[8] Francisco A. Poyo and Eustaquio Gutiérrez served as umpires.[9] Carlos Zaldo, Eugenio Jiménez, and Molina entered the business side of baseball as stadium developer, promoter, and league administrator.[10] Wenceslao Gálvez wrote a history of baseball in Cuba, published in 1889, which according to Roberto González Echevarría "may very well be the first history of the game ever written anywhere".[11]

Other inductees achieved distinction outside of baseball. For example, Juan Antiga, who played in the Cuban League for just two seasons prior to completing medical school, became a notable intellectual, homeopath, government official, and diplomat, serving as ambassador to Switzerland and delegate to the League of Nations.[12] The type of post-playing distinction most often recognized by the hall, however, is military service, especially during the Cuban War of Independence that was fought from 1895 to 1898. Alfredo Arango, Eduardo Machado, and Carlos Maciá served as officers in the Cuban revolutionary army and Sabourín, Juan Manuel Pastoriza, and Ricardo Cabaleiro died in the conflict.[13]

In the 20th century, opportunities to play in the United States became increasingly important to Cuban players. Some of the earliest opportunities to play in the U.S. came in nearby Key West beginning about 1890. Key West had an independent baseball league with considerable participation by Cuban emigrants, and Cuban League players were recruited to play there during the off season. Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame inductees Molina and Poyo began their baseball careers in Key West before moving on to the Cuban League.[14] In 1899, a Cuban all-star team, the All Cubans, undertook their first barnstorming tour of the United States. The team, which was racially integrated (reflecting the racial integration of the Cuban League) played against professional and semi-professional teams, white and black, until 1905.[15]

However, the U.S. color line soon affected Cuban players. By 1904, white Cubans, such as Juan Violá, were playing in the minor leagues, and in 1911 Rafael Almeida and Armando Marsans broke into the majors with the Cincinnati Reds.[16] Meanwhile, Cubans with darker complexions played in the Negro leagues for teams such as the Cuban Stars (West), the Cuban Stars (East), and the New York Cubans. Some Cuban players moved on to success with U.S. teams, such as José Méndez with the Kansas City Monarchs and Cristóbal Torriente with the Chicago American Giants.[17]

Exile in Florida (1962–1986, 1997–1998)

After the closing of the Cuban League in 1961, inductions to the Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame ceased in Havana for more than five decades. The players who had migrated to the United States, however, formed an organization, the Federation of Professional Cuban Baseball Players in Exile (Federación de Peloteros Profesionales Cubanos en el Exilio) which held elections in Miami to add new members to the hall.[18] These additional members are not universally recognized; they are not recognized in Cuba,[19] nor are they included in lists of Hall of Fame inductees shown in reference books by historians Peter Bjarkman and Jorge Figueredo.[20] The Miami elections continued in three phases—1962–1986, 1997–1998, and 2007—ultimately declaring more than 200 additional individuals as inductees.[21]

Official reformulation (2014–present)

In August 2014, Cuban filmmaker and baseball fan Ian Padrón brought together a group of 12 prominent fans to create a group called Enthusiasts for the Refoundation of the Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame. The group developed a set of rules to govern a reformulated hall which would recognize the 68 original members, provide for regular elections of additional professional and amateur players from both the pre-revolution and post-revolution periods, and would help arrange for the hall to be part of a Cuban baseball museum. With support from the National Institute of Sport, Physical Education, and Recreation (INDER), a meeting of sports commentators was held on November 7–8, 2014. The meeting approved the draft rules, selected a jury of 25 people to select the inductees, and planned for subsequent annual elections. Four players and an umpire were honored from the pre-revolution era—Conrado (Connie) Marrero, Orestes (Minnie) Miñoso, Camilo Pascual, Esteban (Steve) Bellán, and umpire Amado Maestri. Five players were also honored the post-revolution era, the first players from that period to be recognized—Omar Linares, Orestes Kindelán, Antonio Muñoz, Luis Casanova, and Braudilio Vinent.[2]

Inductees

Year Name Primary
position[22]		 Cuban Career Play in the United States Ref
1939 Шаблон:Sortname 3B 1904–1925 Major League Baseball [23]
1939 Шаблон:Sortname SS 1901–1912 Negro leagues [24]
1939 Шаблон:Sortname 1B 1882–1905 All Cubans [25]
1939 Шаблон:Sortname C 1902–1920 Negro leagues [26]
1939 Шаблон:Sortname 2B 1890–1911 Minor leagues [27]
1939 Шаблон:Sortname P 1882–1891 — [28]
1939 Шаблон:Sortname OF 1905–1928 Major League Baseball [29]
1939 Шаблон:Sortname P 1908–1927 Negro leagues [30]
1939 Шаблон:Sortname P 1892–1911 All Cubans [31]
1939 Шаблон:Sortname OF 1913–1927 Negro leagues [32]
1940 Шаблон:Sortname OF 1888–1909 All Cubans [33]
1940 Шаблон:Sortname P 1900–1914 Negro leagues [34]
1941 Шаблон:Sortname C 1902–1913 Negro leagues [35]
1941 Шаблон:Sortname 2B 1878–1887 — [36]
1942 Шаблон:Sortname SS 1901–1920 Major League Baseball [37]
1942 Шаблон:Sortname C 1894–1909 Key West [38]
1943 Шаблон:Sortname 1B 1901–1913 Negro leagues [39]
1943 Шаблон:Sortname OF 1901–1916 Negro leagues [40]
1943 Шаблон:Sortname OF 1900–1919 Minor leagues [41]
1944 Шаблон:Sortname P 1885–1891 — [42]
1944 Шаблон:Sortname OF 1922–1946 Negro leagues [43]
1945 Шаблон:Sortname OF 1915–1929 Negro leagues [44]
1945 Шаблон:Sortname 3B 1889–1902 — [45]
1945 Шаблон:Sortname OF 1919–1928 Negro leagues [46]
1945 Шаблон:Sortname 3B 1900–1916 Negro leagues [47]
1945 Шаблон:Sortname P 1889–1895 — [48]
1946 Шаблон:Sortname OF 1890–1895 — [49]
1946 Шаблон:Sortname SS 1885–1887 — [50]
1946 Шаблон:Sortname C 1898–1900 Key West [51]
1946 Шаблон:Sortname P 1892–1902 — [48]
1946 Шаблон:Sortname SS 1900–1914 Negro leagues [52]
1948 Шаблон:Sortname ? 1890–1892 — [53]
1948 Шаблон:Sortname OF 1913–1927 Major League Baseball [54]
1948 Шаблон:Sortname OF 1878–1883 — [55]
1948 Шаблон:Sortname OF 1885–1898 — [56]
1948 Шаблон:Sortname 3B 1903-1905 — [57]
1948 Шаблон:Sortname SS 1910–1919 Minor leagues [58]
1949 Шаблон:Sortname SS 1908–1932 Negro leagues [59]
1949 Шаблон:Sortname OF 1888–1900 All Cubans [25]
1949 Шаблон:Sortname SS 1888–1892 — [60]
1949 Шаблон:Sortname C 1903–1911 All Cubans [61]
1949 Шаблон:Sortname OF 1908–1920 Negro leagues [62]
1950 Шаблон:Sortname 3B 1912–1933 Major League Baseball [63]
1950 Шаблон:Sortname C 1906–1919 Negro leagues [64]
1950 Шаблон:Sortname OF 1914–1916 Minor leagues [65]
1950 Шаблон:Sortname ? 1897–1902 — [28]
1950 Шаблон:Sortname SS 1878–1891 — [66]
1951 Шаблон:Sortname OF 1885–1891 — [67]
1951 Шаблон:Sortname P 1922–1947 Negro leagues [68]
1951 Шаблон:Sortname 2B 1913–1929 Negro leagues [69]
1951 Шаблон:Sortname 1B 1914–1939 Major League Baseball [70]
1951 Шаблон:Sortname OF 1882–1889 — [71]
1953 Шаблон:Sortname C 1887–1905 All Cubans [72]
1953 Шаблон:Sortname OF 1903–1915 Minor leagues [73]
1953 Шаблон:Sortname SS 1878–1880 — [74]
1954 Шаблон:Sortname P 1913–1929 Major League Baseball [75]
1954 Шаблон:Sortname OF 1885–1891 — [71]
1955 Шаблон:Sortname OF 1913–1925 Major League Baseball [76]
1955 Шаблон:Sortname C 1910–1936 Major League Baseball [77]
1956 Шаблон:Sortname P 1918–1939 Negro leagues [78]
1956 Шаблон:Sortname OF 1901–1913 All Cubans [79]
1957 Шаблон:Sortname P 1912–1945 Major League Baseball [80]
1958 Шаблон:Sortname P 1912–1930 Major League Baseball [81]
1958 Шаблон:Sortname 1B 1930–1948 Negro leagues [82]
1959 Шаблон:Sortname P 1926–1948 Negro leagues [83]
1959 Шаблон:Sortname 2B 1900–1916 Negro leagues [84]
1960 Шаблон:Sortname P 1934–1947 Major League Baseball [85]
1960 Шаблон:Sortname 2B 1918–1939 Minor leagues [86]
2014 Шаблон:Sortname P 1946–1958 Major League Baseball [2]
2014 Шаблон:Sortname OF 1945–1961 Major League Baseball [2]
2014 Шаблон:Sortname P 1952–1961 Major League Baseball [2]
2014 Шаблон:Sortname 3B 1878–1886 National Association of Professional Base Ball Players [2]
2014 Шаблон:Sortname Umpire — — [2]
2014 Шаблон:Sortname 3B 1982–2002 — [2][87][88]
2014 Шаблон:Sortname OF, 1B ? — [2][88]
2014 Шаблон:Sortname 1B ? — [2][88]
2014 Шаблон:Sortname OF ? — [2][88]
2014 Шаблон:Sortname P ? — [2][88]

See also

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

External links

Шаблон:Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame Шаблон:Cuban League teams

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  1. ↑ The name shown on the plaque in Havana is Salón de la Fama del Base-Ball Profesional de Cuba (Cuban Professional Baseball Hall of Fame) (see Alfonso 2007), but this longer name is not commonly used in histories of Cuban baseball.
  2. ↑ 2,00 2,01 2,02 2,03 2,04 2,05 2,06 2,07 2,08 2,09 2,10 2,11 Шаблон:Citation
  3. ↑ González Echevarría 1999, pp. 205–206, 277.
  4. ↑ Alfonso 2007. González Echevarría 1999, p. 277. Шаблон:Cite news
  5. ↑ González Echevarría 1999, pp. 275, 277.
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web Шаблон:Dead linkШаблон:Cite webШаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Toot 2004, p. 171.
  8. ↑ Bjarkman 2005, pp. 59–60.
  9. ↑ Poyo 2009, p. 560. Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ González Echevarría 1999, pp. 91, 122, 125, 410.
  11. ↑ González Echevarría 1999, p. 84.
  12. ↑ Delgado-García 2005, pp. 50–51.
  13. ↑ Pérez 1999, p. 83. Figueredo 2003, p. 33. Figueredo 2005, pp. 16–18.
  14. ↑ Poyo 2009, pp. 548–556.
  15. ↑ Burgos 2007, pp. 81–82. Hogan, pp. 88–89. Kuntz.
  16. ↑ Burgos 2007, pp. 94–98. Toot 2004, pp. 31–45.Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Riley 2002, pp. 203, 545–546, 580, 787–788.
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ For example, see Alfonso 2007.
  20. ↑ Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. Figueredo 2003, pp. 508–509.
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Cite webШаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ For pitchers after 1885/86 and position players after 1903, the primary position is based on seasonal rosters shown in Figueredo 2003. For earlier players, the source for primary position is cited in the "Ref" column.
  23. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 484, 508. Шаблон:Cite web
  24. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 485, 508. Riley 2002, pp. 137–138.
  25. ↑ 25,0 25,1 Figueredo 2003, pp. 482, 508. Figueredo 2005, p. 547. Kuntz.
  26. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 486, 508. Riley 2002, p. 325.
  27. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 482, 508. Figueredo 2005, p. 547. Шаблон:Cite web
  28. ↑ 28,0 28,1 Figueredo 2003, pp. 482, 508.
  29. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 487, 508. Шаблон:Cite web
  30. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 488, 508. Riley 2002, pp. 545–546.
  31. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 483, 508. Kuntz.
  32. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 489, 508. Riley 2002, pp. 787–788.
  33. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 481, 508. Kuntz.
  34. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 488, 508. Riley 2002, pp. 573–574.
  35. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 486, 508. Cuban Stars statistics compiled by Scott Simkus and posted by Шаблон:Cite web
  36. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 6, 483, 508.
  37. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 485, 508. Шаблон:Cite web
  38. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 488, 508. Poyo 2009, p. 551.
  39. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 485, 508. Riley 2002, p. 161.
  40. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 487, 508. Riley 2002, p. 380.
  41. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 488, 508. Шаблон:Cite web
  42. ↑ This name was omitted from Figueredo's list, but is shown by Bjarkman. Figueredo 2003, p. 482. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65.
  43. ↑ This name was omitted from Figueredo's list, but is shown by Bjarkman. Figueredo 2003, p. 488. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. Riley 2002, pp. 587–588.
  44. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 484, 508. Riley 2002, pp. 63–64.
  45. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 481, 508. Figueredo 2005, p. 547.
  46. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 485, 508. Riley 2002, p. 249.
  47. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 488, 508. Riley 2002, p. 567.
  48. ↑ 48,0 48,1 Figueredo 2003, pp. 483, 508.
  49. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 28, 481, 508. Figueredo 2005, p. 547.
  50. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 482, 508. González Echevarría 1999, p. 98.
  51. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 488, 508. Poyo 2009, p. 544.
  52. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 489, 508. Riley 2002, p. 799.
  53. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 481, 508.
  54. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 485, 508. Шаблон:Cite web
  55. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 6, 482, 508.
  56. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 23, 482, 508.
  57. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 488, 508.
  58. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 489, 508. Шаблон:Cite web
  59. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 485, 508. Riley 2002, pp. 162–163.
  60. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 482, 508. Pérez 1999, p. 83.
  61. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 489, 508. Kuntz.
  62. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 489, 508. Riley 2002, p. 803.
  63. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 485, 508. Шаблон:Cite web
  64. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 486, 508. Riley 2002, p. 282.
  65. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 486, 508. Riley 2002, p. 344. Шаблон:Cite web
  66. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 482, 508. Figueredo 2005, p. 547.
  67. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 481, 509. Figueredo 2005, p. 10.
  68. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 493, 509. Riley 2002, pp. 233–235.
  69. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 487, 509. Riley 2002, pp. 427–428.
  70. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 489, 509. Шаблон:Cite web
  71. ↑ 71,0 71,1 Figueredo 2003, pp. 483, 509. Figueredo 2005, p. 547.
  72. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 483, 509. Figueredo 2005, p. 547. Kuntz.
  73. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 489, 509. Шаблон:Cite web
  74. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 6, 483, 509.
  75. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 488, 509. Шаблон:Cite web
  76. ↑ Figueredo 2003, pp. 484, 509. Шаблон:Cite web
  77. ↑ Sources disagree on year inducted; Figueredo shows 1955, and Bjarkman shows 1956. Figueredo 2003, pp. 486, 509. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. Шаблон:Cite web
  78. ↑ Sources disagree on year inducted; Figueredo shows 1956, and Bjarkman shows 1957. Figueredo 2003, pp. 486, 509. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. Riley 2002, pp. 273–274.
  79. ↑ Sources disagree on year inducted; Figueredo shows 1956, and Bjarkman shows 1957. Figueredo 2003, pp. 488, 509. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. Kuntz.
  80. ↑ Sources disagree on year inducted; Figueredo shows 1957, and Bjarkman shows 1958. Figueredo 2003, pp. 487, 509. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. Шаблон:Cite web
  81. ↑ Sources disagree on year inducted; Figueredo shows 1958, and Bjarkman shows 1959. Figueredo 2003, pp. 484, 509. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. Шаблон:Cite web
  82. ↑ Sources disagree on year inducted; Figueredo shows 1958, and Bjarkman shows 1959. Figueredo 2003, pp. 498, 509. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. Riley 2002, pp. 689–690.
  83. ↑ Sources disagree on year inducted; Figueredo shows 1959, and Bjarkman shows 1960. Figueredo 2003, pp. 492, 509. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. Riley 2002, pp. 100–101.
  84. ↑ Sources disagree on year inducted; Figueredo shows 1959, and Bjarkman shows 1960. Figueredo 2003, pp. 485, 509. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. Riley 2002, p. 142.
  85. ↑ Sources disagree on year inducted; Figueredo shows 1960, and Bjarkman shows 1961. Figueredo 2003, pp. 493, 509. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. Шаблон:Cite web
  86. ↑ Sources disagree on year inducted; Figueredo shows 1960, and Bjarkman shows 1961. Figueredo 2003, pp. 489, 509. Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. Шаблон:Cite web
  87. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  88. ↑ 88,0 88,1 88,2 88,3 88,4 Шаблон:Cite web
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