Английская Википедия:Cypriot Turkish
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox language
Cypriot Turkish (Kıbrıs Türkçesi) is a dialect of the Turkish language spoken by Turkish Cypriots both in Cyprus and among its diaspora.
History
Emanating from Anatolia and evolved for four centuries, Cypriot Turkish is the vernacular spoken by Cypriots with Ottoman ancestry, as well as by Cypriots who converted to Islam during Ottoman rule.[1] It is understood by expatriate Cypriots living in the UK, United States, Australia and other parts of the world.
Cypriot Turkish consists of a blend of Ottoman Turkish and the Yörük dialect that is spoken in the Taurus Mountains of southern Turkey. In addition, it has absorbed influences from Greek, Italian and English. Cypriot Turkish is mutually intelligible with Standard Turkish.
Since the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus, Turkish is found almost exclusively in Northern Cyprus, with approximately 300,000 native Turkish speakers (including all dialects of Turkish) as of 2016 and 1,400 speakers in the south as of 2013.[2] Of these, a significant number are immigrants from Turkey who do not speak the Cypriot variety of Turkish. Cypriot Turkish is not used officially in the north, where modern standard Turkish became the de facto official language of schools, government, and the media.[3]
Phonology
Differences between standard Turkish and Cypriot Turkish
Cypriot Turkish is distinguished by a number of sound alternations not found in standard Turkish, but some of which are also quite common in other Turkish vernaculars:
- Voicing of some unvoiced stops
- t↔d, k↔g
- Standard Turkish Шаблон:Lang ↔ Cypriot Turkish Шаблон:Lang "stone"
- Standard Turkish Шаблон:Lang ↔ Cypriot Turkish Шаблон:Lang "wolf"
- Standard Turkish Шаблон:Lang ↔ Cypriot Turkish Шаблон:Lang "potato"
- Preservation of earlier Turkic Шаблон:Lang
- Standard Turkish Шаблон:Lang ↔ Cypriot Turkish Шаблон:Lang "how are you?"
- Standard Turkish Шаблон:Lang ↔ Cypriot Turkish Шаблон:Lang "thousand"
- Standard Turkish: Шаблон:Lang ↔ Cypriot Turkish: Шаблон:Lang "getting in the car"
- Changing 1st person plural suffix
- z↔k
- Standard Turkish Шаблон:Lang ↔ Cypriot Turkish Шаблон:Lang "we want"
- Unvoicing of some voiced stops
- b↔p
- Standard Turkish: Шаблон:Lang ↔ Cypriot Turkish: Шаблон:Lang "broad beans"
- Lenition of final affricates
- ç (Шаблон:IPA) ↔ ş (Шаблон:IPA)
- Standard Turkish Шаблон:Lang ↔ Cypriot Turkish Шаблон:Lang "no, none"
The last two alternations are more specific to Cypriot Turkish and are seen less often in other Turkish vernacular.
Consonants
Cypriot Turkish consonants are mostly the same as standard Turkish consonants. However, Cypriot Turkish has retained the phonemes Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA, whereas standard Turkish lost them.
Vowels
front | back | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
high | Шаблон:IPA (i) | Шаблон:IPA (ü) | Шаблон:IPA (ı) | Шаблон:IPA (u) |
mid/low | Шаблон:IPA (e) | Шаблон:IPA (ö) | Шаблон:IPA (a) | Шаблон:IPA (o) |
Grammar
Cypriot Turkish is structured as a VO language as opposed to standard Turkish which is an OV language. It is very typical in forming a question.
- Standard Turkish Шаблон:Lang is, in Cypriot Turkish, Шаблон:Lang ("Will you go to school?")
Cypriot Turkish uses the aorist tense instead of the present continuous tense, and very often in place of the future tense as well.
- Standard Turkish Шаблон:Lang or Шаблон:Lang ("I am going to school") are, in Cypriot Turkish, Шаблон:Lang ("I go to school" / "I am going to school" / "I will go to school")
Cypriot Turkish does not use the narrative/indefinite past, and only uses the simple past instead.
- Standard Turkish Шаблон:Lang ("He is reported to have gone home") is, in Cypriot Turkish, not used. Instead Шаблон:Lang or Шаблон:Lang ("He went home") suffices.
Cypriot Turkish also lacks the question suffix of Шаблон:Lang.[4] This is similar to colloquial Azerbaijani.
- Standard Turkish Шаблон:Lang ("Is your mother at home?") is, in Cypriot Turkish, Шаблон:Lang
In Cypriot Turkish, the reflexive pronoun in third person is different, namely Шаблон:Lang ("him, himself, them, themself"). In Standard Turkish, this would be Шаблон:Lang.
Semantics
Шаблон:Expand section Typical question usually do not qualify as standard Turkish questions (see the example above) because question suffixes are usually dropped by native Turkish Cypriots. Another subtle difference is the emphasis on verbs.
See also
References
Bibliography
External links
- ↑ Jennings, Ronald (1993), Christians and Muslims in Ottoman Cyprus and the Mediterranean World, 1571-1640, New York University Press Шаблон:ISBN.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal