Английская Википедия:Dan-Air Flight 1008

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Шаблон:Short description

Шаблон:EngvarB Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox aircraft occurrence

Dan-Air Flight 1008 was a fatal accident involving a Boeing 727-46 jet aircraft operated by Dan Air Services Limited on an unscheduled international passenger service from Manchester to Tenerife. The crash occurred on 25 April 1980 in a forest on Tenerife's Mount La Esperanza when the aircraft's flight deck crew wrongly executed an unpublished holding pattern in an area of very high ground; it resulted in the aircraft's destruction and the deaths of all 146 on board (138 passengers and eight crew).[1]Шаблон:Rp[2] Flight 1008 was Dan-Air's second major accident in ten years and the worst accident involving the deaths of fare-paying passengers in the airline's entire history.Шаблон:Citation needed

Aircraft history and crew information

The aircraft, operated by Dan Air Services Ltd, was a Boeing 727-46 (construction/manufacturer's serial number: 19279, line number: 288, registration Шаблон:Airreg) that had its first flight in 1966.[2] Dan-Air acquired the aircraft in August 1974.[3]

At the time of the accident, the airframe had accumulated 30,600 hours.[2]

The captain and pilot in command was 50-year-old Arthur John Whelan, who had flown to Tenerife North Airport 58 times previously. He had 15,299 flight hours, including 1,912 hours on the Boeing 727. The first officer was 33-year-old Michael John Firth, who had flown to Tenerife North Airport 9 times previously. He had 3,492 flight hours, including 1,618 hours on the Boeing 727. The flight engineer was 33-year-old Raymond John Carey, who had never flown to Tenerife North Airport before. He had 3,340 hours, though his experience on the Boeing 727 is not stated in the report.[1]Шаблон:Rp

Flight history

Flight 1008 was a charter flight from Manchester Airport, United Kingdom, to Tenerife North Airport, Canary Islands, Spain. The flight was flying closely behind a slower Iberian Turboprop. [4] The flight was Шаблон:Convert from VOR/DME beacon 'TFN' when it was cleared onward to radio beacon 'FP' for an approach to runway 12 after it had reached 'TFN'. Initially at flight level (FL) 110 (about Шаблон:Convert), Dan-Air 1008 was then cleared to descend to FL 60 (about Шаблон:Convert). The crew reported overhead 'TFN' and was requested to join a nonstandard holding pattern over the 'FP' beacon. This holding pattern was not a published procedure and the crew did not have a chart for it, but the instruction was accepted. In fact, the aircraft did not pass over 'FP', but instead flew to the south of the beacon and called "entering the hold". About a minute later, they were cleared to descend to Шаблон:Convert.

Although the pilot in command had said he was entering the hold according to the Spanish air traffic controller's instructions, he actually turned the aircraft to the left towards the southeast into an area of high ground, where the minimum safe altitude was Шаблон:Convert. When during the aircraft's descent towards Шаблон:Convert the ground proximity warning system (GPWS) activated, the crew reacted quickly and initiated a climb. With the engines at full power, the aircraft entered a steep turn to the right and struck Mount La Esperanza at 13:21:15 local time. The aircraft was flying in cloud when it struck the mountain.[1]Шаблон:Rp The impact resulted in the aircraft's complete disintegration, killing everyone on board and leaving a debris trail Шаблон:Convert long.[1]Шаблон:Rp

CVR on Dan-Air 1008

(** = Sounds)[5]
Source Content
GPWS(Ground Proximity Warning System) *whoop whoop* Pull Up!
Captain Okay, overshoot.
GPWS *whoop whoop* Pull Up!
Captain He's taking us 'round to high ground.
GPWS *whoop whoop* Pull Up!
First Officer Yeah.
GPWS *whoop whoop* Pull Up!
GPWS *whoop whoop* Pull Up!
GPWS *whoop whoop* Pull Up!
Captain Watch my EPRS.
First Officer I suggest a heading of 122, for ya.
First Officer It'll take us through the overshoot.
Flight Engineer Let's get out of here.
Captain to ATC Err... Dan-Air 1008. We've had a ground proximity warning.
Flight Engineer Bank angle...
Flight Engineer Bank ang-
Crash Sounds *sound of impact*
End of Recording

Accident investigation and cause

The official (Spanish) investigation concluded that the cause of the accident was that the pilot in command, without taking account of the altitude at which he was flying, took the aircraft into an area of high terrain and thereby failed to maintain a safe height above the terrain. A British addendum to the report found that tardy and ambiguous directions from air traffic control regarding the unpublished hold directly contributed to the disorientation of the aircraft commander.[1]Шаблон:RpШаблон:Rp The addendum also found that the unpublished track onto which the aircraft was directed required tight turns to be flown. These were practically unflyable, making entry into the region of high ground inevitable for an aircraft flying this track, even without the navigational errors made by Dan-Air 1008.[1]Шаблон:Rp Further, the addendum found that the directed altitude of Шаблон:Convert was inadequate for this holding pattern, and that the minimum altitude for entry into the holding pattern should have been Шаблон:Convert (with a minimum altitude of Шаблон:Convert for the pattern itself), had a minimum safe altitude calculation been performed ahead of time by a competent authority. The addendum concluded that the accident would not have occurred if the aircraft had not been cleared below Шаблон:Convert.[1]Шаблон:Rp

Memorial in Southern Cemetery, Manchester

Файл:Tenerife Dan-Air Disaster memorial.jpg
Memorial to victims of Flight 1008

A memorial in Southern Cemetery, Manchester commemorates the victims of the disaster, whose names are inscribed on a series of slate tablets within a small grassed enclosure. Also, a garden of remembrance exists aside of All Saints Church in Taoro Parque (Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife), as passengers of the descended flight were members of the Anglican Parish there.

In popular culture

The crash of Flight 1008 was the subject of an episode of the BBC's Panorama current affairs programme that was aired in July 1981.[6]

See also

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Further reading

  • The Spirit of Dan-Air, Simons, G.M., GMS Enterprises, Peterborough, 1993
  • Kompass – Winter 1974/75 Edition, Dan Air Services Ltd, West Berlin, 1974 Шаблон:In lang
  • Berlin Airport Company — Report on Dan-Air's Berlin operation, July 1975 Monthly Timetable Booklet for Berlin Tempelhof and Berlin Tegel Airports, Berlin Airport Company, West Berlin, 1975 Шаблон:In lang
  • In Flight – Silver Jubilee Anniversary Edition, Dan Air Services Ltd, London, 1978
  • Airliner Classics (Dan-Air – Popular British Charter operator: The Boeing 727), Key Publishing, Stamford, UK, November 2011

External links

Шаблон:Portalbar

Шаблон:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1980 Шаблон:Aviation accidents and incidents in Spain

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Historical Ledger for G-BDAN (retrieved 2 March 2018)
  4. ↑ https://admiralcloudberg.medium.com/the-curse-of-tenerife-the-crash-of-dan-air-flight-1008-5de84985b2f0
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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