Английская Википедия:Delaware County, Pennsylvania

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Distinguish Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox U.S. county

Шаблон:Maplink Delaware County, colloquially referred to as Delco,[1] is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. With a population of 576,830 as of the 2020 census,[2] it is the fifth-most populous county in Pennsylvania and the third-smallest in area. The county was created on September 26, 1789, from part of Chester County and named for the Delaware River.

Delaware County is part of the Delaware Valley and borders Philadelphia, the nation's sixth-most populous city, to its northeast. It also is adjacent to the city-county of Philadelphia County and is included in the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD metropolitan statistical area known as the Delaware Valley. Its county seat is Media.[3]

History

Файл:Map of the early settlements of Delaware County, Penna.jpg
Map of the early settlements of Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Файл:Chester Courthouse 1724.JPG
The old Chester Courthouse, built in 1724

Delaware County lies in the river and bay drainage area named "Delaware" in honor of Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, Governor of the nearby English colony of Virginia. The land was explored by Henry Hudson in 1609, and over the next several decades it was variously claimed and settled by the Swedes, the Dutch, and the English. Its original human inhabitants were the Lenape tribe of American Indians.

Once the Dutch were defeated and the extent of New York was determined, King Charles II of England made his grant to William Penn to found the colony which came to be named Pennsylvania. Penn divided his colony into three counties: Bucks, Philadelphia, and Chester. The riverfront land south of Philadelphia, being the most accessible, was quickly granted and settled. In 1789, the southeastern portion of Chester County was divided from the rest and named Delaware County for the Delaware River.

Geography

Файл:Bartrams Bridge NRHP.JPG
Bartram's Covered Bridge, built 1860 west of Newtown Square, crosses Crum Creek into Chester County
Файл:NewlinMill.JPG
Newlin Mill, built 1704, on the west branch of Chester Creek, near Concordville

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Шаблон:Convert, of which Шаблон:Convert is land and Шаблон:Convert (3.5%) is water.[4] It is the third-smallest county in Pennsylvania by area.

Delaware County is roughly diamond- or kite-shaped, with the four sides formed by the Chester County boundary to the northwest, the boundary with the state of Delaware, a portion of the "Twelve-Mile Circle") to the southwest, the Delaware River, forming the border with the state of New Jersey) to the southeast, and the city of Philadelphia and Montgomery County to the east and northeast.

The lowest point in the state of Pennsylvania is located on the Delaware River in Marcus Hook in Delaware County, where it flows out of Pennsylvania and into Delaware. The highest point in Delaware County is 500 feet at two points southeast of Wyola in Newtown Township.[5]

Waterways in Delaware County generally flow in a southward direction and ultimately drain into the Delaware River. The waterways are, from west to east: the Brandywine River (forming a portion of the county's western boundary with Chester County), Naaman's Creek, Stoney Creek, Chester Creek, Ridley Creek, Crum Creek, Muckinipates Creek, Darby Creek and Cobbs Creek (forming a portion of the county's eastern boundary with Philadelphia). Crum Creek was dammed in 1931 near Pennsylvania Route 252 to fill Springton Lake (also known as Geist Reservoir), an approximately Шаблон:Convert[6] drinking water reservoir maintained by Aqua America, the county's largest lake.

The Trainer Refinery and the Port of Chester are located along the shores of the Delaware River.

With its location in the southeastern part of the state, Delaware County is the only county to border both Delaware and New Jersey.

Adjacent counties

Delaware County is one of four counties in the United States to border a state with which it shares the same name (the other three are Nevada County, California, Texas County, Oklahoma, and Ohio County, West Virginia).

National protected areas

Файл:TinicumNWR.jpg
John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge

State protected area

Шаблон:Convert of the county are occupied by the Ridley Creek State Park.

Demographics

Шаблон:US Census population

As of the 2020 census, the county was 63% White non-Hispanic, 22% Black or African American, 0.1% Native American or Alaskan Native, 6.3% Asian, 4.6% Hispanic or Latino, 0.1% Native Hawaiian, and 3.5% were two or more races.

As of the 2000 census, there were 550,864 people, 206,320 households, and 139,472 families residing in the county. The population density was Шаблон:Convert. There were 216,978 housing units at an average density of Шаблон:Convert. The racial makeup of the county was 80.3% White, 14.5% African American, 0.1% Native American, 3.3% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. 1.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 24.6% were of Irish, 17.5% Italian, 10.1% German and 6.7% English ancestry.

There were 206,320 households, out of which 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.8% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.4% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 91.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.9 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $50,092, and the median income for a family was $61,590. Males had a median income of $44,155 versus $31,831 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,040. About 5.8% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.0% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.

2020 census

Delaware County Racial Composition[7]
Race Num. Perc.
White (NH) 363,249 63%
Black or African American (NH) 127,055 22%
Native American (NH) 676 0.12%
Asian (NH) 36,317 6.3%
Pacific Islander (NH) 133 0.02%
Other/Mixed (NH) 22,628 3.9%
Hispanic or Latino 26,772 4.6%

Communities

Файл:Map of Delaware County Pennsylvania With Municipal and Township Labels.svg
Map of Delaware County, Pennsylvania with municipal labels showing cities (yellow), boroughs (red), townships (white), and census-designated places (blue)

Under Pennsylvania law, there are four types of incorporated municipalities: cities, boroughs, townships, and exactly one town. There are 49 municipalities in Delaware County:

City

Boroughs

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Townships

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Census-designated places

Census-designated places are geographical areas designated by the U.S. Census Bureau for the purposes of compiling demographic data. They are not actual jurisdictions under Pennsylvania law. Other unincorporated communities, such as villages, may be listed here as well.

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Unincorporated communities

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Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Delaware County.[8]

† county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2020 Census) Total Area Population Density
1 Upper Darby Township 85,681 7.83 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
2 Haverford Township 50,431 9.95 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
3 Radnor Township 33,228 13.79 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
4 Chester City 32,605 6.00 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
5 Ridley Township 31,053 5.31 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
6 Drexel Hill CDP 29,181 3.20 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
7 Springfield Township 25,070 6.34 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
8 Marple Township 24,214 10.52 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
9 Concord Township 18,295 13.64 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
10 Upper Chichester Township 16,898 6.70 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
11 Aston Township 16,791 5.84 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
12 Middletown Township 16,373 13.47 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
13 Newtown Township 15,002 10.09 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
14 Nether Providence Township 14,525 4.72 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
15 Ardmore (partially in Montgomery County) CDP 13,566 1.97 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
16 Yeadon Borough 12,054 1.59 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
17 Broomall CDP 11,718 3.17 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
18 Lansdowne Borough 11,107 1.18 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
19 Upper Providence Township 10,852 5.81 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
20 Darby Borough 10,715 0.84 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
21 Woodlyn CDP 9,685 1.7 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
22 Bethel Township 9,574 5.41 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
23 Darby Township 9,219 1.42 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
24 Collingdale Borough 8,908 0.87 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
25 Brookhaven Borough 8,300 1.71 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
26 Folsom CDP 8,287 1.25 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
27 Villanova (partially in Montgomery County) CDP 8,213 2.09 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
28 Village Green-Green Ridge CDP 8,000 1.9 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
29 Glenolden Borough 7,223 0.97 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
30 Ridley Park Borough 7,186 1.08 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
31 Wayne CDP 7,160 2.12 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
32 Thornbury Township 6,904 9.27 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
33 Clifton Heights Borough 6,863 0.63 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
34 Folcroft Borough 6,792 1.42 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
35 Swarthmore Borough 6,543 1.40 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
36 Prospect Park Borough 6,427 0.74 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
37 Sharon Hill Borough 6,014 0.77 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
38 Norwood Borough 5,943 0.82 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
39 † Media Borough 5,901 0.77 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
40 Bryn Mawr (mostly in Montgomery County) CDP 5,879 0.96 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
41 Boothwyn CDP 4,968 1.25 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
42 Edgmont Township 4,283 9.73 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
43 Aldan Borough 4,244 0.60 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
44 Chester Township 4,080 1.43 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
45 Tinicum Township 3,983 8.78 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
46 Chadds Ford Township 3,972 8.72 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
47 Linwood CDP 3,949 0.65 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
48 St. Davids CDP 3,604 1.5 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
49 Rosemont (mostly in Montgomery County) CDP 3,507 0.82 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
50 Lower Chichester Township 3,425 1.07 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
51 Upland Borough 3,068 0.65 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
52 Chester Heights Borough 2,897 2.22 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
53 Morton Borough 2,778 0.36 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
54 Lima CDP 2,745 1.47 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
55 East Lansdowne Borough 2,714 0.21 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
56 Colwyn Borough 2,474 0.26 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
57 Eddystone Borough 2,459 1.52 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
58 Marcus Hook Borough 2,454 1.62 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
59 Parkside Borough 2,321 0.21 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
60 Trainer Borough 1,976 1.38 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
61 Haverford College (partially in Montgomery County) CDP 1,497 0.31 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
62 Chadds Ford (mostly in Chester County) CDP 1,476 2.28 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
63 Millbourne Borough 1,212 0.07 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
6 Rose Valley Borough 1,017 0.73 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
65 Dilworthtown (mostly in Chester County) CDP 1,150 0.64 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
66 Rutledge Borough 782 0.14 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density
67 Cheyney University (mostly in Chester County) CDP 565 0.30 sq mi Шаблон:Pop density

Politics and government

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The county has operated under a home-rule charter with five at-large council-members since 1972.

Until the 1990s, Delaware County was regarded as a classic suburban Republican county. The Delaware County Republican political machine was controlled by William McClure and his son John J. McClure from 1875 to 1965.[9] Delaware County voted for the Republican candidate all but once from 1860 through 1988, with the exception being Lyndon Johnson's national landslide of 1964.

In 1992, however, the county swung from a 21-point win for George H. W. Bush to a narrow one-point win for Bill Clinton, who became only the second Democrat to win the county in the 20th century. Clinton won it just under 10 points in 1996, coming up just short of a majority. The county has gone Democratic in every Presidential election since then by 10 points or more by progressively-increasing margins. In the 2004 election Democratic presidential candidate John Kerry won the county by 14 points. Barack Obama won it by large 21-point margins in each of his bids for president. Hillary Clinton carried it by an equally substantial 22 points in 2016. Joe Biden carried it in 2020 with 62 percent of the vote, his second-strongest performance in Pennsylvania. Donald Trump turned in the worst showing for a Republican in the county in over 160 years.

Driving the county's Democratic shift have been longstanding trends in voter registration advantage and demographics. In 1998, Republicans held a voter registration advantage of about 125,000,[10] but by 2008 that advantage had shrunk to under 20,000 voters.[11] As of the November 2021 election, Democrats enjoyed a voter registration advantage of 50,000. Propelling and compounding the voter registration shift has been a change in demographics in the county. Since the 2000 Census, the White population of the county has decreased from 80.3% to 68.5% as of the 2020 Census, while, the Black population has risen from 14.5% to 22.7%, driven by the gentrification of Philadelphia and University City neighborhood and rapid demographic shift in Upper Darby.[12][13][14] Further increasing the shift has been the change in education level demographics in the county, as voters have become more college educated and white collar (and, in turn, less blue collar) over the past few decades.

While the longstanding Republican registration edge has been erased, Republicans still remain competitive with Democrats at the state and local level. Most Republicans from the county tend to be fiscally conservative and socially moderate, as is the case with Republicans from most suburban Philadelphia counties. In the 2004 US Senate election, Republican Arlen Specter defeated Joe Hoeffel but Democrat Bob Casey, Jr. defeated Rick Santorum in the 2006 Senate election. All three Democratic state row office candidates carried it in 2008. In 2016, Delaware County elected all Democrats in national office elections except Republican Patrick Meehan (U.S. Representative).[15]

After the election of Donald Trump in 2016, the county rapidly shifted blue as a result of increased Democratic turnout and less enthusiasm from often less conservative suburban Republicans. In the 2019 elections for the Delaware County Council, Democrats swept the board and elected Monica Taylor, Elaine P. Schaefer, and Christine Reuther, gaining control of the county Council for the first time since the Civil War.[16] This was the first time in history that the county had an all-Democratic Council.[17]

As of 2020, all of Delaware County is located in the state's 5th congressional district, represented by Democrat Mary Gay Scanlon. Prior to 2019, most of Delaware County had been in the 7th congressional district. The district had been held for 20 years by Republican Curt Weldon until he was ousted by Joe Sestak, a retired admiral, in the 2006 U.S. House of Representatives election. Also in the 2006 election, Democrat Bryan Lentz unseated Republican incumbent State Representative Tom Gannon in the 161st House district. In 2010 Sestak ran for the senate seat vacated by Arlen Specter and was replaced by Republican Pat Meehan, who defeated Lentz, the Democratic candidate. Lentz was replaced in the State House by Joe Hackett, a Republican. Meehan represented the 7th district until his resignation on April 27, 2018.[18] Before it was thrown out by a Pennsylvania Supreme Court decision in 2018, the 7th Congressional District had been regarded one of the most irregularly drawn districts in the nation.[19]

Voter registration

Шаблон:Pie chartAs of February 5, 2024, there are 406,799 registered voters in Delaware County.[20]

Delaware County Council

Шаблон:As of:[21]

Office Holder Party
Chair Monica Taylor Democratic
Vice-chair Elaine Paul Schaefer Democratic
Member of Council Kevin M. Madden Democratic
Member of Council Christine Reuther Democratic
Member of Council Richard Womack Democratic

County row officers

Row officers, a term unique to Pennsylvania, are a conglomeration of elected officials defined by Article IX, Section 4 of the Pennsylvania Constitution. This unit of officers includes the position of controller, District Attorney, treasurer, sheriff, register of wills, recorder of deeds, prothonotaries, clerks of the court, and the coroner. It is thought that this term originated because these positions were arranged in a row on a typical ballot.[22]

Office Holder Party
Controller Joanne Phillips, Esquire Democratic
District Attorney Jack Stollsteimer Democratic
Register of Wills Rachel Ezzell Berry, Esquire Democratic
Sheriff Jerry Sanders Democratic

United States Senate

Senator Party
John Fetterman Democratic
Bob Casey Democratic

United States House of Representatives

Файл:Pennsylvania Congressional District 5.png
The 2018 congressional map ordered by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania places all of Delaware County in the new 5th congressional district.

Шаблон:As of:

District Representative Party
5 Mary Gay Scanlon Democratic

State senate

Шаблон:As of:

District Representative Party
8 Anthony Hardy Williams Democratic
9 John I. Kane Democratic
17 Amanda Cappelletti Democratic
26 Tim Kearney Democratic

State House of Representatives

Шаблон:As of:

District Representative Party
159 Carol Kazeem Democratic
160 Craig Williams Republican
161 Leanne Krueger Democratic
162 Dave Delloso Democratic
163 Heather Boyd Democratic
164 Gina Curry Democratic
165 Jennifer O'Mara Democratic
166 Greg Vitali Democratic
168 Lisa Borowski Democratic
185 Regina Young Democratic
191 Joanna McClinton Democratic

Corrections

The George W. Hill Correctional Facility (Delaware County Prison) is located in Thornbury Township.[23][24] The jail houses pre-trial inmates and convicted persons who are serving sentences of no longer than two years less one day.[24] It is operated by Delaware County.[25]

Education

Файл:Map of Delaware County Pennsylvania School Districts.png
Map of Delaware County's school districts

Public school districts

School districts include:[26]

Note that Delaware County Technical High School takes students from all of the county.

Charter schools

Private schools

In 1963 the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia had 48 Catholic K-8/elementary schools in Delaware County with a total of 39,695 students, which was the highest ever enrollment. From 1971 to 2012, 20 of these schools closed, with ten of them closing from 2003 to 2012. By 2012 there were 28 Catholic K-8/elementary schools in Delaware County with a total of 8,291 students.[27] One notable private school is Friends School Haverford.

Colleges and universities

Файл:1909 Cheyney Library.JPG
Library at Cheyney University
Файл:BWestBplace.JPG
Benjamin West Birthplace on the campus of Swarthmore College
Файл:OldMainWidener.JPG
Old Main at Widener University

Adult education

  • Haverford Adult School[28]
  • Main Line School Night[29]
  • Senior Community Services Lifelong Learning[30]
  • Delaware County Literacy Council

Libraries

Шаблон:Main

Transportation

Файл:2022-10-07 12 00 42 View south along Interstate 95 (Delaware Expressway) from the pedestrian overpass for Crosby Street in Chester, Delaware County, Pennsylvania.jpg
I-95 southbound in Delaware County

Delaware County is bisected north to south by Blue Route Interstate 476, which connects I-76 just north of the extreme northern corner of the county to I-95, which parallels the Delaware River along the southeastern edge of the county.

Delaware County is home to SEPTA's 69th Street Terminal in Upper Darby, and is served by the Norristown High Speed Line (P&W), two Red Arrow trolley lines, (Routes 101 and 102), four Regional Rail Lines, including the Airport Line, Wilmington/Newark Line, Media/Wawa Line, and Paoli/Thorndale Line), and a host of bus routes.

The western portion of Philadelphia International Airport is located in Delaware County, and the county hosts some airport-related commerce such as Philadelphia's UPS terminal and airport hotels.

Major roads and highways

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Recreation

Parks

Файл:RCSPSycMillsDam.JPG
Dam on Ridley Creek in Ridley Creek State Park
Файл:Rose Tree Tavern 2013.JPG
Old Rose Tree Tavern in Rose Tree Park

There is one Pennsylvania state park in Delaware County:

County parks include:

Racing

Harrah's Philadelphia is a harness racing track and casino (i.e., "racino") located on the Chester, Pennsylvania waterfront. It is owned by Vici Properties and operated by Caesars Entertainment.

Sports

Chester is home to the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer; the team plays at Subaru Park, a venue located at the base of the Commodore Barry Bridge.

Delaware County is the traditional home of women's professional soccer in the Philadelphia area. The former Philadelphia Charge of the defunct Women's United Soccer Association played at Villanova Stadium, which is located on the campus of Villanova University. The Philadelphia Independence of Women's Professional Soccer succeeded the Charge and played at Widener University's Leslie Quick Stadium in 2011.

Delaware County is the home of one of oldest baseball leagues in the country, the Delco League, which at one time was known for featuring future, former, and even current major league players who were offered more money than their current teams would pay them.[31][32][33]

Every summer, Delaware County is home to the Delco Pro-Am, a basketball league consisting of current, future, and former NBA players as well as local standout players.[34]

Delaware County is also the former home of a rugby league team called the Aston Bulls, a member of the American National Rugby League.

Darby was home to the Hilldale Club, the 1925 Colored World Series champions.

Media

The county is serviced by several newspapers, including Delaware County Daily Times, News of Delaware County, The Spirit, and The Suburban and Wayne Times.Шаблон:Citation needed

The Philadelphia Inquirer also has a significant presence in Delaware County. Delaware County Magazine is the news magazine with the largest circulation in Delaware County, reaching over 186,000 homes.

Climate

Delaware County has two physical geographic regions: the Piedmont and the Atlantic Coastal Plain, Most of the county has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) while some higher northern areas have a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa.). The hardiness zone is mostly 7b except for 7a in areas closer to Chester County (except along the Brandywine Creek) and 8a in Ridley Township near the Delaware River. [1]

Шаблон:Weather box

Шаблон:Weather box

See also

Шаблон:Portal

Шаблон:-

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Coord

Шаблон:Delaware County, Pennsylvania Шаблон:Delaware Valley Шаблон:Pennsylvania Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news; Шаблон:Cite news; Шаблон:Cite news; Шаблон:Cite newsШаблон:Dead link; Шаблон:Cite news;Шаблон:Cite news
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ http://45.79.181.212:8080/county/PA/Delaware Шаблон:Dead link
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  23. ↑ "Chapter 7 7–11 Шаблон:Webarchive." Comprehensive Zoning Plan. Thornbury Township. Retrieved on September 6, 2011. "The three major institutions found in the Township, the Delaware County Prison, Glen Mills Schools and Cheyney University[...]"
  24. ↑ 24,0 24,1 Шаблон:Cite web." Delaware County, Pennsylvania. Retrieved on September 6, 2011. "George W. Hill Correctional Facility (Delaware County Prison), which is located on 500 Cheyney Road in Thornbury Township[...]"
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web – Text list
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  33. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  34. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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