Английская Википедия:Dent de Crolles

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The Dent de Crolles (Шаблон:IPA-fr) is a karstic mountain (2,062 m) of the Chartreuse Mountains range, Шаблон:Convert north east of Grenoble, Isère, France. It has a characteristic "tooth-like" profile and is easily recognizable in the Isère Valley (Grésivaudan) in the Grenoble area. The French word "dent" means tooth and "de Crolles" is derived from the town of Crolles, located next to the mountain.

Geography

The Dent de Crolles is a karstic mountain (2,062 m) of the Chartreuse Mountains range, Шаблон:Convert north east of Grenoble, Isère, France. The French word "dent" means tooth and "de Crolles" is derived from the town of Crolles, located next to the mountain. It is easily recognizable from the Val-d´Isère (Grésivaudan) in the Grenoble area.

Cave system

The réseau de la Dent de Crolles, which lies beneath the summit plateau, is one of the most complex and longest cave systems in Europe, and is consideredШаблон:According to whom to be one of the birth places of modern caving. Its first detailed exploration was during World War II by a small team of French cavers which included Pierre Chevalier, Fernand Petzl, and Charles Petit-Didier. Their explorations saw it become the deepest cave in the world at the time with a depth of Шаблон:Convert. The lack of available equipment during the war forced the team to develop their own equipment, leading to technical innovation. The first use of the single rope technique with prusik and mechanical rope-ascenders (Henri Brenot's "monkeys", first used by Chevalier and Brenot in a cave in 1934) can be directly associated with its exploration.

Since 1946, the cave has undergone intense and continuous exploration. As of 2023, eighteen separate entrances have been discovered. The highest is the Gouffre Bob Vouay at an altitude of Шаблон:Convert located close to the summit, and the lowest is the main resurgence, the Grotte du Guiers Mort at an altitude of Шаблон:Convert, giving a depth of Шаблон:Convert. It is known to include more than Шаблон:Convert of passages. The cave system is popular for the various through trips that the various entrances allow.

Файл:Plan schèmatique du Réseau souterrain de la Dent de Crolles.jpg

Schematic plan of the cave system of the Dent de Crolles. The colours correspond to different levels, the Grotte du Guiers Mort being the point 0; the blue represents the river : level 0 à +100 m ; the yellow (le Métro) the level +100 à +140 m ; the red (le boulevard des Tritons) the level +140 à +200 m ; the green (Glaz-Annette) the level +350 m. The elevation between the highest entrance, the Gouffre Bob Vouay (2015 m), and the Grotte du Guiers Mort is 681 meters.

Gallery

• Dent de Crolles shot from Biviers.

  Dent de Crolles shot from Biviers.

• Dent de Crolles taken from Biviers.

  Dent de Crolles taken from Biviers.

• A passage in the Gouffre Bob Vouay - Grotte Chevalier traverse.

  A passage in the Gouffre Bob Vouay - Grotte Chevalier traverse.

• The Dent de Crolles taken from the summit of Chamechaude (south-west).

  The Dent de Crolles taken from the summit of Chamechaude (south-west).

• Map of the Dent de Crolles.

  Map of the Dent de Crolles.

• The entrance of the Bob Vouay pothole, the highest entry of the Dent de Crolles network.

  The entrance of the Bob Vouay pothole, the highest entry of the Dent de Crolles network.

• The Dent de Crolles, the col and the habert des Ayes from the col du Coq (south-west).

  The Dent de Crolles, the col and the habert des Ayes from the col du Coq (south-west).

• The Chevalier cave from the inside.

  The Chevalier cave from the inside.

• From the summit, a panorama of the Chartreuse massif: the Lances de Malissard overhanging the col de Bellefond.

  From the summit, a panorama of the Chartreuse massif: the Lances de Malissard overhanging the col de Bellefond.

• Close up on Dent de Crolles and the Шаблон:Lang-fr ascent route.

  Close up on Dent de Crolles and the Шаблон:Lang-fr ascent route.

• Entrance to the cave of Guiers Mort, the karst spring of the Dent de Crolles network.

  Entrance to the cave of Guiers Mort, the karst spring of the Dent de Crolles network.

• Cross section of the Dent de Crolles at the Chevalier cave.

  Cross section of the Dent de Crolles at the Chevalier cave.

• Pitch into the Dent de Crolles.

  Pitch into the Dent de Crolles.

• The Bob Vouay pothole.

  The Bob Vouay pothole.

• Limestone pavement of la Dent de Crolles.

  Limestone pavement of la Dent de Crolles.

• Entrance to the cave Chevalier.

  Entrance to the cave Chevalier.

• Entrance to the cave Annette.

  Entrance to the cave Annette.

• The P40.

  The P40.

• On the cross-section are represented the main crossings: in light green Glaz-Annette, in dark green Glaz-Chevalier, in blue P40-Glaz, in orange Glaz-Guiers Mort, in blue Glaz-Guiers Mort by the river, in yellow Thérése-Guiers, in red Cartusiens-Guiers, in purple Pulpite Irreversible-Glaz. Other crossings can be made: Bob Vouay-Glaz or Guiers but they are not coloured.

  On the cross-section are represented the main crossings: in light green Glaz-Annette, in dark green Glaz-Chevalier, in blue P40-Glaz, in orange Glaz-Guiers Mort, in blue Glaz-Guiers Mort by the river, in yellow Thérése-Guiers, in red Cartusiens-Guiers, in purple Pulpite Irreversible-Glaz. Other crossings can be made: Bob Vouay-Glaz or Guiers but they are not coloured.

• Caves of the East face: Grotte Annette, grotte Chevalier, Maxi Méga Marmotte, le Sureau, l'Entrée des Artistes, les Excités, le Balcon, le nid de Choucas, grotte Petzl, la grotte des Montagnards et la grotte du Jibé.

  Caves of the East face: Grotte Annette, grotte Chevalier, Maxi Méga Marmotte, le Sureau, l'Entrée des Artistes, les Excités, le Balcon, le nid de Choucas, grotte Petzl, la grotte des Montagnards et la grotte du Jibé.

• Cave Petzl separated by a boulder choke from the network of the Dent de Crolles.

  Cave Petzl separated by a boulder choke from the network of the Dent de Crolles.

• Entrance of Trou du Glaz.

  Entrance of Trou du Glaz.

• The pothole of Pulpite.

  The pothole of Pulpite.

• Therese's cave.

  Therese's cave.

Bibliography (in French)

• La Dent de Crolles et son réseau souterrain, Comité départemental de spéléologie de l'Isère, 1997, Шаблон:ISBN : Шаблон:Cite web

Bibliography (in English)

• Système de grottes de la Dent de Crolles, France in Encyclopedia of Cave and Karst Science (pp.283-285) of John Gunn : Шаблон:Cite web

References (in French)

• Site géologique
• Groupe Montagnard des Petites Roches : informations sur le site d'escalade du Luisset.
• escalade/ski/randonnée à la Dent de Crolles sur c2c
• Nouvelles topos de la dent de Crolles, Spéléo Secours Isère, 4 janvier 2015.