Английская Википедия:Dietrich Hrabak
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Infobox military person
Dietrich "Dieter" Hrabak (19 December 1914 – 15 September 1995) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator and wing commander during World War II. Following the war, he became a Generalmajor (major general) in the German Air Force of West Germany. As a fighter ace, he claimed 125 enemy aircraft shot down in over 1000 combat missions. The majority of his aerial victories were claimed over the Eastern Front with 16 claims over the Western Allies.
Born in Großdeuben, Hrabak grew up in the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. Following graduation from school, he volunteered for military service in the Reichsmarine in 1934. In November 1935, he transferred to the Luftwaffe. Following flight training, he was posted to a Jagdgeschwader (fighter wing). In 1939, Hrabak was made a Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) and with Jagdgeschwader 76 (JG 76—76th Fighter Wing) participated in the Invasion of Poland and Battle of France and claimed his first aerial victory on 13 May 1940. In July 1940, JG 76 was integrated into Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing). During the Battle of Britain, Hrabak was made a Gruppenkommandeur in JG 54 and awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross in October 1940. In 1941, he participated in Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. In November 1942, Hrabak left JG 54 and was appointed Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing). There, following his 118th aerial victory, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves on 25 November 1943. In October 1944 Hrabak, returned to JG 54, serving as its last Geschwaderkommodore until the end of the war.
Following World War II, Hrabak initially worked in the private industry. During the Wiederbewaffnung (rearmament) of West Germany, Hrabak joined the newly established German Air Force in 1955. He then went on to command the Advanced Pilot Training Center at Fürstenfeldbruck. Following further command positions, Hrabak was named NATO's Chief of Air Defense/Central Europe until becoming special manager for the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter programme. Hrabak retired in September 1970 and died on 15 September 1995.
Early life and career
Hrabak was born on 19 December 1914 in Großdeuben, part of Böhlen, in the Kingdom of Saxony, a federated state of the German Empire, the son of a real estate developer.Шаблон:Sfn Following his graduation from the Königin-Carola-Gymnasium, a secondary school, he volunteered for military service. On 8 April 1934, Hrabak joined the Reichsmarine,Шаблон:Refn the German navy of the Weimar Republic and in November 1935 transferred to the newly emerging Luftwaffe (German air force) as an Oberfähnrich (officer candidate). On 1 April 1936, Hrabak was promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant).Шаблон:Sfn
Following the Anschluss, Austria's annexation into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938, Hrabak was posted to I. Gruppe (1st group) of Jagdgeschwader 138 (JG 138—138th Fighter Wing) stationed in Wien-Aspern also referred to as the "Wiener-Jagdgruppe" ("Vienna fighter group"). There, he was promoted to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) on 1 January 1939 and was made Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 1. Staffel (1st squadron) of JG 138.Шаблон:Sfn On 1 May 1939, his unit I./JG 138 was re-designated I./Jagdgeschwader 76 (I./JG 76—1st group of the 76th Fighter Wing).Шаблон:Sfn
World War II
World War II in Europe began on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. In preparation of the invasion, I. Gruppe of JG 76 had been moved to an airfield at Stubendorf, present-day Izbicko in Poland, in mid-August 1939 and supported the German advance on the central and southern sectors of the front.Шаблон:Sfn On 3 September, Hrabak made a forced landing behind enemy lines following combat with PZL.23 light bombers and returned to his unit the next day.Шаблон:Sfn
On 14 September, I. Gruppe was withdrawn from combat operations and returned to its home airfield at Wien-Aspern where it arrived on 26 September.Шаблон:Sfn On 26 October, the Gruppenstab and 1. Staffel were ordered to Frankfurt Rhein-Main where it was united again with 2. and 3. Staffel on 2 November. From Frankfurt Rhein-Main, the Gruppe flew fighter protection during the "Phoney War" for the Frankfurt, Rhine and Saar region. In April 1940, I. Gruppe moved to an airfield at Mainz-Finthen, originally named Fliegerhorst Ober-Olm. The Gruppe stayed at Ober-Olm until the Battle of France began.Шаблон:Sfn
On 13 May 1940, he claimed his first victory, and he claimed five more victories before the Armistice of 22 June 1940. On 26 June 1940, I. Gruppe of JG 76 was moved to the airfield at Waalhaven in the Netherlands and subordinated to Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing). There, the Gruppe was tasked with providing aerial protection over the Dutch coastal area. On 5 July, I./JG 76 was officially integrated into JG 54 and was renamed to II./JG 54 and 1./JG 76 became 4./JG 54.Шаблон:Sfn
On 25 August 1940 during the Battle of Britain, Hrabak was made Gruppenkommandeur of II./JG 54. In consequence, Oberleutnant Hans Philipp was given command of 4./JG 54.Шаблон:Sfn During the Battle of Britain he added ten victories against Royal Air Force (RAF) fighters. On 21 October 1940 Hrabak was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang). The presentation was made by Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring in his personal command train at Beauvais on 23 October.Шаблон:Sfn
On 29 March 1941, II./JG 54 was withdrawn from the English Channel and was ordered to Graz-Thalerhof. There the various squadrons were split up with 4. Staffel being subordinated to III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing) and ordered to Deta in Romania. On 6 April, 4. Staffel flew combat missions in the Invasion of Yugoslavia. The next day, the Staffel flew combat air patrols on the Hungarian-Yugoslavian border. On 9 April, II./JG 54 was united again at Kecskemét, Hungary and returned to Deta on 11 April. The Gruppe was withdrawn from this theater on 19 April and ordered to an airfield at Zemun near Belgrade.Шаблон:Sfn
Operation Barbarossa
Following the surrender of the Royal Yugoslav Army on 17 April 1941, JG 54 received orders on 3 May 1941 to turn over all Bf 109-Es so they could receive the new Bf 109-F variant. Transition training was completed at Airfield Stolp-Reitz in Pomerania. Following intensive training, the Geschwader was moved to airfields in Eastern Prussia. II. Gruppe under command of Hrabak was moved to Trakehnen on 20 June 1941.Шаблон:Sfn The Wehrmacht launched Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union, on 22 June with II. Gruppe supporting Army Group North in its strategic goal towards Leningrad.Шаблон:Sfn
In early November, the Gruppe was withdrawn from the Eastern Front for a period of rest and replenishment where they were based at airfields in Döberitz, and later at Uetersen. On 20 January 1942, the Gruppe began relocating to the Eastern Front where they would be based at Siverskaya near Leningrad.Шаблон:Sfn In August to early September 1941, Hrabak was on home leave. He was promoted to Major (major) on 1 October 1942.Шаблон:Sfn
Wing commander
On 1 November 1942, Hrabak left JG 54 and took over command of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) as Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander). At the time, JG 52 was based at Prokhladny and Gonschtakowka and operated over the front at the Terek River in the Northern Caucasus.Шаблон:Sfn Under Hrabak's leadership, JG 52 claimed its 10,000th aerial victory on 2 September 1944.Шаблон:Sfn
On 23 November, the Geschwaderstab (headquarters unit) of JG 52 began its retreat from the Caucasus region and moved to Maykop. There, Hrabak claimed his first aerial victory as Geschwaderkommodore on 13 December over a Petlyakov Pe-2 bomber. While the Battle of Stalingrad was coming to end, Hrabak and the Geschwaderstab were ordered to Rostov-on-Don on 20 January 1943 to organize fighter protection over the retreating Army Group A.Шаблон:Sfn
Hrabak was promoted to Oberstleutnant on 1 July 1943.Шаблон:Sfn On 2 August, Hrabak claimed his 100th victory. He was the 48th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.Шаблон:Sfn On 25 November 1943, Hrabak was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Шаблон:Lang). He was the 337th member of the German armed forces to be so honored and at the time was credited with 118 aerial victories. The presentation was made by Adolf Hitler at the Wolf's Lair, Hitler's headquarters in Rastenburg, present-day Kętrzyn in Poland, on 9 December. Also presented with awards that day by Hitler were Hauptmann Hans-Ulrich Rudel, who received the Swords to his Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves. Rudel's air gunner and radio operator Oberfeldwebel (Master Sergeant) Erwin Hentschel was honored with the Knight's Cross.Шаблон:Sfn
On 20 September 1944, Hrabak scored the last of his 125 victories. In October 1944 Hrabak returned to JG 54, serving as its last Geschwaderkommodore until the end of the war. His greatest contribution to the Luftwaffe was not his combat record however but his command, tactical and leadership qualities, which endeared him to the men under his command and sealed his reputation within the Luftwaffe leadership.Шаблон:Sfn
Later life
In 1956, he commanded the Advanced Pilot Training Center at Fürstenfeldbruck. In 1962, he took charge of the air defense covering northern Germany and the Netherlands. In 1964, he was named NATO's Chief of Air Defense/Central Europe until becoming special manager for the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter programme. As a major general, he commanded the GAF's tactical command. Hrabak died on 15 September 1995.Шаблон:Sfn
Summary of career
Aerial victory claims
According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Hrabak was credited with 125 aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn Spick also lists Hrabak with 125 aerial victories, claimed in 820 combat missions, 109 of which on the Eastern Front and 16 on the Western Front.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found documentation for 125 aerial victory claims, all of which confirmed. This number includes 109 on the Eastern Front and 16 on the Western Front.Шаблон:Sfn
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 54291". The Luftwaffe grid map (Шаблон:Lang) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Шаблон:Convert. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Шаблон:Convert in size.Шаблон:Sfn
Chronicle of aerial victories | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location |
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 76 –Шаблон:Sfn Battle of France — 10 May – 25 June 1940 | |||||||||
1 | 13 May 1940 | 11:05 | Potez 63 | Authe, south of SedanШаблон:Sfn | 4 | 25 May 1940 | 16:45 | Spitfire | GravelinesШаблон:Sfn |
2 | 18 May 1940 | 16:25 | Curtiss | west of RethelШаблон:Sfn | 5 | 3 June 1940 | 15:20 | Curtiss | west of ÉpernayШаблон:Sfn |
3 | 19 May 1940 | 18:30 | M.S.406 | west of LaonШаблон:Sfn | 6 | 6 June 1940 | 21:00 | Curtiss | northwest of AmiensШаблон:Sfn |
– 4. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –Шаблон:Sfn At the Channel and over England — 26 June – August 1940 | |||||||||
7 | 11 August 1940 | 11:00 | Spitfire | Шаблон:Convert off DoverШаблон:Sfn | |||||
– Stab II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 –Шаблон:Sfn At the Channel and over England — August 1940 – 29 March 1941 | |||||||||
8 | 26 August 1940 | 13:25 | Spitfire | CanterburyШаблон:Sfn | 13 | 5 October 1940 | 12:25 | Hurricane | RochesterШаблон:Sfn |
9 | 14 September 1940 | 17:00 | Hurricane | south of LondonШаблон:Sfn | 14 | 8 October 1940 | 11:45 | Spitfire | north of FolkestoneШаблон:Sfn |
10 | 14 September 1940 | 11:35 | Spitfire | AshfordШаблон:Sfn | 15 | 12 October 1940 | 11:05 | Hurricane | TonbridgeШаблон:Sfn |
11 | 27 September 1940 | 13:00 | Hurricane?Шаблон:Refn | south of LondonШаблон:Sfn | 16 | 20 October 1940 | 11:00 | Hurricane | AshfordШаблон:Sfn |
12 | 27 September 1940 | 16:20 | Hurricane?[Note 1] | HastingsШаблон:Sfn | |||||
– Stab II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 –Шаблон:Sfn Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941 | |||||||||
17 | 23 June 1941 | 11:10 | SB-2 | north of SchlossbergШаблон:Sfn | 21 | 22 July 1941 | 18:30 | I-18 (MiG-1) | GogolewoШаблон:Sfn |
18 | 30 June 1941 | 15:15 | DB-3 | northwest of DünaburgШаблон:Sfn | 22 | 25 July 1941 | 07:56 | DB-3 | SsabskШаблон:Sfn |
19 | 30 June 1941 | 17:17 | DB-3 | northeast of DünaburgШаблон:Sfn | 23 | 25 July 1941 | 18:30 | I-18 (MiG-1) | south of RopchaШаблон:Sfn |
20 | 6 July 1941 | 18:30 | DB-3 | southeast of OstrovШаблон:Sfn | 24 | 30 July 1941 | 11:20 | I-18 (MiG-1) | WladimirskajaШаблон:Sfn |
– Stab of II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — 20 January – 30 April 1942 | |||||||||
25 | 5 February 1942 | 15:35 | I-18 (MiG-1) | northwest of OreljeШаблон:Sfn | 38 | 16 March 1942 | 11:42 | Pe-2 | forest south of LyubanШаблон:Sfn |
26 | 6 February 1942 | 09:35 | I-18 (MiG-1) | southeast of Malaya VisheraШаблон:Sfn | 39 | 19 March 1942 | 17:10 | I-18 (MiG-1) | Шаблон:Convert southeast of GremjatschewoШаблон:Sfn |
27 | 26 February 1942 | 16:40 | I-26 (Yak-1) | southeast of GrusinoШаблон:Sfn | 40 | 22 March 1942 | 14:59 | Pe-2 | Шаблон:Convert southeast of Staraya RussaШаблон:Sfn |
28 | 27 February 1942 | 08:20 | I-18 (MiG-1) | Шаблон:Convert southeast of KirishiШаблон:Sfn | 41 | 28 March 1942 | 15:23 | P-40 | Шаблон:Convert northwest of RamushevoШаблон:Sfn |
29 | 27 February 1942 | 08:35 | I-16 | Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of KirishiШаблон:Sfn | 42 | 29 March 1942 | 15:39 | I-18 (MiG-1) | Шаблон:Convert northeast of Staraya RussaШаблон:Sfn |
30 | 5 March 1942 | 08:05 | I-18 (MiG-1) | Шаблон:Convert southeast of ChudovoШаблон:Sfn | 43 | 31 March 1942 | 14:58 | I-18 (MiG-1) | north of ParfinoШаблон:Sfn |
31 | 7 March 1942 | 07:29 | Pe-2 | Шаблон:Convert southwest of DubzyШаблон:Sfn | 44 | 1 April 1942 | 15:14 | Il-2 | northwest of RamushevoШаблон:Sfn |
32 | 13 March 1942 | 17:47 | I-18 (MiG-1) | west of DubownikШаблон:Sfn | 45 | 4 April 1942 | 12:07 | I-18 (MiG-1) | GremjatschewoШаблон:Sfn |
33 | 13 March 1942 | 16:48 | I-18 (MiG-1) | Шаблон:Convert west of ChudovoШаблон:Sfn | 46 | 4 April 1942 | 15:15 | Il-2 | east of BudogoschtschШаблон:Sfn |
34 | 14 March 1942 | 11:20 | Il-2 | Шаблон:Convert north of KholmШаблон:Sfn | 47 | 19 April 1942 | 18:20 | Yak-1 | south of RamushevoШаблон:Sfn |
35 | 14 March 1942 | 16:20 | I-26 (Yak-1) | forest northeast of KarlivkaШаблон:Sfn | 48 | 25 April 1942 | 08:20 | Yak-1 | east of ParfinoШаблон:Sfn |
36 | 14 March 1942 | 16:22 | I-26 (Yak-1) | forest east of SawishaШаблон:Sfn | 49 | 25 April 1942 | 18:20 | Yak-1 | Jam JedrowoШаблон:Sfn |
37 | 16 March 1942 | 08:20 | I-26 (Yak-1) | southwest of GladiШаблон:Sfn | |||||
– Stab of II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — 1 May – 31 October 1942 | |||||||||
50 | 30 May 1942 | 09:15 | MiG-3 | west of WyschitinoШаблон:Sfn | 59 | 22 August 1942 | 11:00 | LaGG-3 | Шаблон:Convert north of KozelskШаблон:Sfn |
51 | 30 May 1942 | 16:10 | MiG-3 | southwest of Malaya VisheraШаблон:Sfn | 60 | 22 August 1942 | 15:00 | Il-2 | PQ 54291Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Belyov |
52 | 8 June 1942 | 15:05 | MiG-3?Шаблон:Refn | Шаблон:Convert northeast of KresttsyШаблон:Sfn | 61 | 22 August 1942 | 17:58 | Il-2 | Шаблон:Convert northeast of UljanowoШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Belyov |
53 | 16 June 1942 | 10:50 | MiG-3 | southwest of Pola train stationШаблон:Sfn | 62 | 23 August 1942 | 06:55 | Pe-2 | PQ 64183, east of BelyovШаблон:Sfn |
54 | 26 June 1942 | 16:50 | MiG-3 | Шаблон:Convert east of Spasskaja-PolistШаблон:Sfn | 63 | 23 August 1942 | 11:05 | U-2 | PQ 55881, KozelskШаблон:Sfn |
55 | 28 June 1942 | 11:18 | P-40 | Шаблон:Convert northeast of KirishiШаблон:Sfn | 64 | 1 September 1942 | 09:04 | Yak-1 | PQ 10164, PutilowoШаблон:Sfn |
56 | 4 July 1942 | 21:00 | Il-2 | east of PodberesjeШаблон:Sfn | 65 | 2 September 1942 | 06:55 | Yak-1 | PQ 10221, north of WystaШаблон:Sfn |
57 | 17 July 1942 | 19:02 | Yak-1 | southeast of Pola train stationШаблон:Sfn | 66 | 2 September 1942 | 10:16 | Il-2 | PQ 00254Шаблон:Sfn northeast of Mga |
58 | 19 July 1942 | 17:40 | Yak-1 | west of BeglowoШаблон:Sfn | 67 | 12 September 1942 | 11:05 | LaGG-3 | PQ 10291, PogotjeШаблон:Sfn |
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 52 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — 1 November 1942 – 3 February 1943 | |||||||||
68 | 13 December 1942 | 07:30 | Pe-2 | PQ 5463Шаблон:Sfn Adler airfield |
|||||
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 52 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — 4 February – 31 December 1943 | |||||||||
69 | 10 March 1943 | 10:25 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 88143, southwest of AbinskajaШаблон:Sfn | 94 | 16 July 1943 | 17:40 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 61251, southeast of ProkhorovkaШаблон:Sfn |
70 | 10 March 1943 | 15:05 | Il-2 | PQ 34 Ost 88154, east of AbinskajaШаблон:Sfn | 95 | 1 August 1943 | 11:10 | Il-2 m.H.Шаблон:Refn | PQ 34 Ost 88282, KalinowkaШаблон:Sfn |
71 | 12 March 1943 | 08:35 | Il-2 | PQ 34 Ost 76584, northwest of TemrjukШаблон:Sfn | 96 | 1 August 1943 | 11:12 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] | PQ 34 Ost 88282, KalinowkaШаблон:Sfn |
72 | 13 March 1943 | 13:10 | I-16 | PQ 34 Ost 86351, GriwenskajaШаблон:Sfn | 97 | 1 August 1943 | 18:45 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] | PQ 34 Ost 88261, MarinowkaШаблон:Sfn |
73 | 18 March 1943 | 15:45 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 86541, south of PetrowskajaШаблон:Sfn | 98 | 1 August 1943 | 18:47 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] | PQ 34 Ost 88261, MarinowkaШаблон:Sfn |
74 | 18 March 1943 | 15:47 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 86541, southeast of PetrowskajaШаблон:Sfn | 99 | 2 August 1943 | 17:00 | La-5?Шаблон:Refn | PQ 34 Ost 98142, east of DmitriyevkaШаблон:Sfn |
75 | 19 March 1943 | 09:25 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 85574, north of SslawjanskajaШаблон:Sfn | 100 | 2 August 1943 | 17:04 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] | PQ 34 Ost 98112, east of DmitriyevkaШаблон:Sfn |
76 | 20 March 1943 | 08:00 | P-39 | PQ 34 Ost 86841, southwest of PopowitschewskajaШаблон:Sfn | 101 | 20 August 1943 | 10:00 | La-5?[Note 3] | PQ 35 Ost 61538, WarwarowkaШаблон:Sfn |
77 | 20 March 1943 | 08:01 | P-39 | PQ 34 Ost 86841, PopowitschewskajaШаблон:Sfn | 102 | 20 August 1943 | 17:40 | Il-2 | PQ 34 Ost 88254, west of DmitriyevkaШаблон:Sfn |
78 | 16 April 1943 | 08:18 | P-39 | southeast of AbinskajaШаблон:Sfn | 103 | 20 August 1943 | 17:46 | Il-2 | PQ 34 Ost 88262, east of DmitriyevkaШаблон:Sfn |
79 | 20 April 1943 | 16:14 | Il-2 | PQ 34 Ost 75463, southwest of KabardinkaШаблон:Sfn | 104 | 21 August 1943 | 08:05 | La-5?[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 88292, east of KuibyschewoШаблон:Sfn |
80 | 21 April 1943 | 11:05 | Il-2 | PQ 34 Ost 75371, west of KabardinkaШаблон:Sfn | 105 | 21 August 1943 | 17:10 | Il-2 | PQ 34 Ost 88238, northwest of StepanowkaШаблон:Sfn |
81 | 21 April 1943 | 09:05 | La-5?[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 85152, east of AbinskajaШаблон:Sfn | 106 | 21 August 1943 | 17:20 | Il-2 | PQ 34 Ost 88228, west of StepanowkaШаблон:Sfn |
82 | 8 May 1943 | 16:00 | P-39 | northwest of KrymskajaШаблон:Sfn | 107 | 20 September 1943 | 08:30 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] | PQ 34 Ost 58131, northeast of ZaporizhiaШаблон:Sfn |
83 | 5 July 1943 | 07:32 | Yak-1?[Note 3] | PQ 35 Ost 61156, north of TomarowkaШаблон:Sfn | 108 | 24 September 1943 | 15:45 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 58423, southeast of ZaporizhiaШаблон:Sfn |
84 | 5 July 1943 | 11:32 | La-5?[Note 3] | PQ 35 Ost 61331, north of TomarowkaШаблон:Sfn | 109 | 25 September 1943 | 16:35 | P-39 | PQ 34 Ost 58473, southeast of ZaporizhiaШаблон:Sfn |
85 | 5 July 1943 | 18:00 | Boston?Шаблон:Refn | PQ 35 Ost 61552, southeast of BelgorodШаблон:Sfn | 110 | 26 September 1943 | 10:40 | P-39 | PQ 34 Ost 58571, southeast of ZaporizhiaШаблон:Sfn |
86 | 6 July 1943 | 16:20 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 61243, northwest of BelgorodШаблон:Sfn | 111 | 27 September 1943 | 16:00 | La-5 | PQ 34 Ost 59573, north of ZaporizhiaШаблон:Sfn |
87 | 6 July 1943 | 18:00 | Boston | PQ 35 Ost 61152, northwest of BelgorodШаблон:Sfn | 112 | 27 September 1943 | 16:30 | P-39 | PQ 34 Ost 58672, northwest of Bolschoj TokmakШаблон:Sfn |
88 | 6 July 1943 | 18:05 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 61132, northwest of BelgorodШаблон:Sfn | 113 | 5 October 1943 | 15:20 | P-39 | PQ 34 Ost 58813, west of Bolschoj TokmakШаблон:Sfn |
89 | 8 July 1943 | 08:10 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 61622, southeast of BelgorodШаблон:Sfn | 114 | 8 October 1943 | 08:40 | La-5 | PQ 34 Ost 66662, east of SaporoshskajaШаблон:Sfn |
90 | 8 July 1943 | 08:13 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 61633, southeast of BelgorodШаблон:Sfn | 115 | 8 October 1943 | 15:10 | La-5?[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 66651, northwest of Kossa TschuschkaШаблон:Sfn |
91 | 16 July 1943 | 06:45 | La-5?[Note 3] | PQ 35 Ost 61251, northeast of BelgorodШаблон:Sfn | 116 | 23 October 1943 | 09:15 | La-5?[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 58551, southeast of WassijewkaШаблон:Sfn |
92 | 16 July 1943 | 11:15 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 61254, northeast of BelgorodШаблон:Sfn | 117 | 25 October 1943 | 14:25 | La-5?[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 57154, west of MelitopolШаблон:Sfn |
93 | 16 July 1943 | 11:33 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 61223, north of BelgorodШаблон:Sfn | 118 | 25 October 1943 | 14:30 | La-5?[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 57324, south of MelitopolШаблон:Sfn |
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 52 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — 1 January – 30 September 1944 | |||||||||
119 | 21 March 1944 | 15:20?Шаблон:Refn | P-39 | PQ 18631Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Troitskoye |
122 | 2 June 1944 | 11:32 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] | PQ 78733Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Iași |
120 | 3 May 1944 | 15:00 | Yak-7 | PQ 68833Шаблон:Sfn north of Târgu Frumos |
123 | 8 June 1944 | 15:52 | La-5 | north of IașiШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Țuțora |
121 | 31 May 1944 | 18:55 | P-39 | PQ 78643Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Țuțora |
124 | 8 June 1944 | 19:20 | P-39 | PQ 78674Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Iași |
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 54 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — 1 October 1944 – 8 Maz 1945 | |||||||||
125 | 30 October 1944 | 10:05 | P-39 | Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Libau |
Awards
- Iron Cross (1939)
- 2nd class (15 September 1939)Шаблон:Sfn
- 1st class (28 May 1940)Шаблон:Sfn
- Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe (28 September 1940)Шаблон:Sfn
- German Cross in Gold on 10 July 1944 as Oberstleutnant in Jagdgeschwader 52Шаблон:Sfn
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
- Knight's Cross on 21 October 1940 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of the II./Jagdgeschwader 54Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- 337th Oak Leaves on 25 November 1943 as Oberstleutnant and Geschwaderkommodore of Jagdgeschwader 52Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Notes
References
Citations
Bibliography
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite book
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Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:S-mil Шаблон:Succession box Шаблон:Succession box Шаблон:S-end
Шаблон:Top German World War II Aces Шаблон:Authority control Шаблон:Subject bar
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- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- 1914 births
- 1995 deaths
- People from Böhlen
- Luftwaffe pilots
- German World War II flying aces
- Recipients of the Gold German Cross
- Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
- Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
- Bundeswehr generals
- Major generals of the German Air Force
- Military personnel from the Kingdom of Saxony
- Reichsmarine personnel
- Military personnel from Saxony
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
- Страницы с ошибками в примечаниях