Английская Википедия:Diminished triad
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Redirect Шаблон:Infobox chordIn music theory, a diminished triad (also known as the minor flatted fifthШаблон:Citation needed) is a triad consisting of two minor thirds above the root.[1] It is a minor triad with a lowered (flattened) fifth. When using chord symbols, it may be indicated by the symbols "dim", "Шаблон:Music", "mШаблон:Music5", or "MI(Шаблон:Music5)".[2] However, in most popular-music chord books, the symbol "dim" and "Шаблон:Music" represents a diminished seventh chord (a four-tone chord), which in some modern jazz books and music theory books is represented by the "dim7" or "Шаблон:Music7" symbols.
For example, the diminished triad built on B, written as BШаблон:Music, has pitches B-D-F:
- <score sound="1">
{ \omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' { 1 } } </score>
The chord can be represented by the integer notation {0, 3, 6}.
In the common practice period, the diminished triad is considered dissonant because of the diminished fifth (or tritone).
Harmonic function
In major scales, a diminished triad occurs only on the seventh scale degree. For instance, in the key of C, this is a B diminished triad (B, D, F). Since the triad is built on the seventh scale degree, it is also called the leading-tone triad. This chord has a dominant function. Unlike the dominant triad or dominant seventh, the leading-tone triad functions as a prolongational chord rather than a structural chord since the strong root motion by fifth is absent.Шаблон:Sfn
On the other hand, in natural minor scales, the diminished triad occurs on the second scale degree; in the key of C minor, this is the D diminished triad (D, F, AШаблон:Music). This triad is consequently called the supertonic diminished triad. Like the supertonic minor triad found in a major key, the supertonic diminished triad has a predominant function, almost always resolving to a dominant functioning chord.Шаблон:Sfn
If the music is in a minor key, diminished triads can also be found on the raised seventh note, Шаблон:MusicviiШаблон:Music. This is because the ascending melodic minor scale has a raised sixth and seventh degree. For example, the chord progression Шаблон:MusicviiШаблон:Music–i is common.
The leading-tone diminished triad and supertonic diminished triad are usually found in first inversion (viiШаблон:Music6 and iiШаблон:Music6, respectively) since the spelling of the chord forms a diminished fifth with the bass.Шаблон:Sfn This differs from the fully diminished seventh chord, which commonly occurs in root position.[3] In both cases, the bass resolves up and the upper voices move downwards in contrary motion.[3]
In popular music
Walter Everett writes that "In rock and pop music, the diminished triad nearly always appears on the second scale degree, forming a generally maudlin and dejected iiШаблон:Music with its members, 2–4–Шаблон:Music6."[4] Songs that feature iiШаблон:Music include Santo & Johnny's "Sleep Walk", Jay and the Americans' "Cara Mia", and the Hollies' "The Air That I Breathe".[4] Not so rare but rare enough so as to imply knowledge of and conscious avoidance on the part of rock musicians, examples of its use include Oasis' "Don't Look Back in Anger", David Bowie's "Space Oddity", and two in Daryl Hall's "Everytime You Go Away".[5]
The viiШаблон:Music in major keys is relatively less common than the iiШаблон:Music, but still does happen. It is almost always used to tonicize the relative minor, in progressions such as viiШаблон:Music–V7/vi–vi, which resembles iiШаблон:Music–V7–i in the relative minor.
Tuning
In a twelve-tone equal temperament, a diminished triad has three semitones between the third and fifth, three semitones between the root and third, and six semitones between the root and fifth.
In 5-limit just intonation, the diminished chord on VII (in C: B–D–F) is 15:8, 9:8, and 4:3, while on II (in C: D–F–AШаблон:Music) it is 9:8, 4:3, and 8:5 (135:160:192). According to Georg Andreas Sorge, the trumpet, in its overtone series on C, gives the diminished triad E–G–BШаблон:Music = 5:6:7 ("perfect diminished chord"[6]), but the 7 is too flat and 45:54:64 is preferred.[7] Helmholtz describes the diminished triad as 1 − D | F, giving a just minor third and Pythagorean minor third (45:54:64) in the notation system used in On the Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music.[8]
Play Шаблон:Audio, Шаблон:Audio (5-limit major), or Шаблон:Audio on C.
Sorge (perfect)/
7-limitSorge (preferred)/
5-limit major5-limit minor
(D,F,AШаблон:Music)Harmonics Root E 5 386.31 FШаблон:MusicШаблон:Music 45 590.22 CШаблон:Music 135 92.18 Third G 6 701.96 AШаблон:Music 54 905.87 E 160 386.31 Fifth Шаблон:Nowrap 7 968.83 C 64 1200 G 192 701.96 On B Root B 15:8 1088.27 B 15:8 1088.27 B 15:8 1088.27 Third D 9:8 203.91 D 9:8 203.91 D- 10:9 182.40 Fifth FШаблон:MusicШаблон:Music 21:16 470.78 F 4:3 498.04 F 4:3 498.04 On C Root C 1:1 0 C 1:1 0 C 1:1 0 Third EШаблон:Music 6:5 315.64 EШаблон:Music 6:5 315.64 EШаблон:MusicШаблон:Music 32:27 294.13 Fifth GШаблон:MusicШаблон:Music 7:5 582.51 GШаблон:MusicШаблон:Music 64:45 609.78 GШаблон:MusicШаблон:Music 64:45 609.78
Diminished chord table
Chord Root Minor third Diminished fifth Cdim C EШаблон:Music GШаблон:Music CШаблон:Musicdim CШаблон:Music E G DШаблон:Musicdim DШаблон:Music FШаблон:Music (E) AШаблон:Music (G) Ddim D F AШаблон:Music DШаблон:Musicdim DШаблон:Music FШаблон:Music A EШаблон:Musicdim EШаблон:Music GШаблон:Music BШаблон:Music (A) Edim E G BШаблон:Music Fdim F AШаблон:Music CШаблон:Music (B) FШаблон:Musicdim FШаблон:Music A C GШаблон:Musicdim GШаблон:Music BШаблон:Music (A) DШаблон:Music (C) Gdim G BШаблон:Music DШаблон:Music GШаблон:Musicdim GШаблон:Music B D AШаблон:Musicdim AШаблон:Music CШаблон:Music (B) EШаблон:Music (D) Adim A C EШаблон:Music AШаблон:Musicdim AШаблон:Music CШаблон:Music E BШаблон:Musicdim BШаблон:Music DШаблон:Music FШаблон:Music (E) Bdim B D F
See also
References
Шаблон:Reflist Sources
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Benward & Saker (2003), p.77.
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокShirlawне указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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