Английская Википедия:Donny Meertens

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Donalda Jeanine "Donny" Meertens (born 1946) is a Dutch academic, Colombian policy and development advisor, and a co-founder of the Шаблон:Lang (Gender, Women and Development Studies Program) at the National University of Colombia. Educated in the Netherlands, Meertens studied land rights in Colombia becoming interested in how the exploitation of rural peasants increased violence in the country. She moved to Colombia to assist with development programs in the early 1990s and has held a number of posts with United Nations agencies. She also served as the research coordinator for the Шаблон:Lang (National Commission for Reparation and Reconciliation). She has worked as a professor at the National University of Colombia and the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Her work has centered on rural displacement, gender inequalities, and the links between violence and the land.

Early life and education

Donalda Jeanine Meertens was born in 1946 in Rotterdam, Netherlands,Шаблон:Sfn to Adriana Alberdina (née Philippus) and Jan Meertens.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Meertens graduated with a master's degree in social anthropology from the University of Amsterdam. She went on to secure a PhD from the Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen.Шаблон:Sfn Her thesis Шаблон:Lang (Land, Violence and Gender: Men and Women in the Rural History of Colombia 1930–1990) prepared under the advisors Gerrit J. Huizer and Gerrit A. de Bruijne, was published in 1997.Шаблон:Sfn The work evaluated how violence began to surge during the 1930s because of the exploitation of tenant farmers who owed labor services in a type of feudalistic peasant system to landowners.Шаблон:Sfn Examining policies through the 1960s, the work noted that violence continued to escalate because of the resistance of land owners and a combination of rural banditry and repressive government policies which used violence to suppress unrest.Шаблон:Sfn In the third period, Meertens analysis showed that the introduction of reforms and a press toward capitalism from the 1970s, led to a rise in drug trafficking and the development of paramilitary organizations to provide defense to those engaged in the drug trade.Шаблон:Sfn

Career

Working at the Center for Study and Documentation of Latin America at the University of Amsterdam, Meertens publishing about land rights and reform in Colombia in 1979.Шаблон:Sfn Her study analyzed whether the land reforms and creation of the Шаблон:Ill (ANUC, National Peasant Association) were effective in improving the living conditions of the poorest rural workers in Colombia.Шаблон:Sfn From 1967, when the ANUC was created, the government's goal was to eliminate social unrest caused by the unequal distribution of land, lax regulations governing land ownership and rural poverty.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn She concluded that the partial reforms did not meet the aims intended.Шаблон:Sfn Throughout the 1980s, Meertens continued to evaluate violence in Colombia, including studies of the impact of drug trafficking on the social and economic structures of the country.Шаблон:Sfn Her influential study with Gonzalo Sánchez, Шаблон:Lang (Bandits, Peasants, and Politics: The Case of 'La Violencia' in Colombia, 1982), examined the rise of rural bandits who were able to usurp the authority of national politicians, become leaders and spokespersons for grievances of the rural population, and control the local economy.Шаблон:Sfn By the late 1980s, she began to include gender in her works, analyzing the ways that working and living conditions impact women and spaces.Шаблон:Sfn

In the early 1990s,Шаблон:Sfn Meertens began working with various agencies on development projects in Colombia. Simultaneously, she worked as an independent researcher and a lecturer at the National University of Colombia.Шаблон:Sfn In 1994, she became one of the founders of the women's studies program, Шаблон:Lang (PGMD, Gender, Women and Development Studies Program) at the university, along with Juanita Barreto Gama, Guiomar Dueñas Vargas, Florence Thomas, Magdalena León Gómez, María Martínez, Шаблон:Ill, María Himelda Ramírez and Ana Rico de Alonso, and Florence Thomas.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In addition to teaching, she continued with her work in policy and development, serving from 1997 as the Colombian Gender Adviser for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn from 2008 as program officer for the United Nations Development Fund for Women,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn and from 2009 as a research coordinator for the Шаблон:Lang (National Commission for Reparation and Reconciliation).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In 2013, she was awarded a fellowship from the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. That year, she also became am associate professor of political science at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, and a researcher at that university's Alfredo Vázquez Carrizosa Institute of Human Rights and Peacebuilding.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Many of Meertens' works focus on the experiences of women who live in areas of conflict.Шаблон:Sfn Political scientist, Jenny Pearce, noted that Meertens' work was pioneering in that it not only evaluated how Colombian women lived through and experienced the country's violence, but also because she was one of the first scholars to assess peasant women, a typically under-studied group.Шаблон:Sfn Looking at war crimes, Meertens evaluated how displacement from their land impacted married and single mothers, women in informal partnerships, and widows, noting that they often moved multiple times and experienced prolonged periods of a lack of safety. Because of customs which assumed women could not hold land titles and inheritance which favored a birth family over a spouse, reclaiming their land, particularly if their partner had not had a paper title, presented complex obstacles. She went beyond examining experiences and proposed restitution, to evaluating how effective reparations were and whether their implementation transformed systemic biases in later policy proposals.Шаблон:Sfn Her ongoing research questions whether land restitution will lead to an increase in socio-economic and political sustainability and stability.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Selected works

References

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