Английская Википедия:Duisburg dialect
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox language
Duisburg dialect (Шаблон:Lang-de, Шаблон:IPA-de; Шаблон:Lang-nl, Шаблон:IPA-nl Шаблон:Small Шаблон:IPA-nl;[1] Duisburg dialect: Düsbergsch Platt) is the extinct Low Franconian dialect that was spoken in the German city of Duisburg.
During the 20th century, a Ruhr/Lower Rhine regiolect, with traces of the old dialect in grammar, syntax and vocabulary gradually became dominant in the Duisburg region. The Duisburg dialect became extinct in spoken form, between the 1950s and 1970s.
Features and classification
The dialect was located close to the northern side of the Uerdingen line, a linguistic isogloss within the continental West Germanic languages in Europe, separating dialects that preserve the -k sound in the first person singular pronoun word "ik" (north of the line) from dialects in which the word final -k has changed to a final -ch in the word "ich" (Шаблон:IPA) (south of the line). In the west, that sound shift is the one that progressed the farthest north among the consonant shifts that characterize High German and Low German dialects. The line passes through Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany. Based on this feature, the Duisburg dialect is often classified as part of the Kleverlandish dialect group.
The Duisburg dialect shared with South Low Franconian the High German split of Proto-West Germanic (PWGmc) closing diphthongs *ai – *au – *au (+ umlaut) (cf. Middle High German (MHG) ê – ô – ö̂ vs. ei – ou – öü, as in modern German Schnee 'snow' vs Stein 'stone'), and did not take part in *ai-umlaut that split PWGmc *ai into /eː/ and /ai/ triggered by the vowel in the following unstressed syllable and which occurred in Low German and the northern Low Franconian dialects (including Kleverlandish in a stricter sense).[2] It further had Rhenish pitch accent. Based on these features, Peter Wiesinger placed Duisburg in the "Ripuarian-Low Franconian transitional area" (Wiesinger's term for South Low Franconian in a broader sense), rather than assigning it to Kleverlandish.[3] The vocalism of Duisburg is further characterized by the merger of the Old Low Franconian falling diphthongs *ie - *üö - *uo with the high long vowels *iː - *üː - *uː, which is a typical feature for dialects of the area where Kleverlandish and South Low Fronconian meet.[4]
Examples
Duisburg dialect:
Dutch:
English:
- Wellem van der Weppe was years old when he took a wife. He has always been
- a bit careful in all matters.
- "Now I am free and unmarried", he said when he was forty-five years old.
- "now I know what I have, but what I will get when I am saddled with a wife,
- that I do not know by far yet!"
German:
| Duisburg dialect | Dutch | English | German |
|---|---|---|---|
| all | al | already | bereits |
| as | als | when | als |
| äte(n) | eten | eat | essen |
| Daach | dag | day | Tag |
| dat | dat | that | das |
| drinke(n) | drinken | drink | trinken |
| ek | ik | I | ich |
| en betzke | een beetje | a bit | ein bisschen |
| et | het | it | es |
| fiefonvertig | vijfenveertig | forty-five | fünfundvierzig |
| glöhwe(n) | geloven | believe | glauben |
| hä | hij | he | er |
| loss | los | free | frei |
| make(n) | maken | make | machen |
| nehme(n) | nemen | take | nehmen |
| nit | niet | not | nicht |
| noch lang nit | nog lang niet | not yet so far | noch lange nicht |
| on | en | and | und |
| ohld | oud | old | alt |
| segge(n) | zeggen | say | sagen |
| tien | tien | ten | zehn |
| trecke(n) | trekken | pull (drag) | ziehen |
| tüschen Шаблон:IPA | tussen | between | zwischen |
| twee | twee | two | zwei |
| vandaach Шаблон:IPA | vandaag | today | heute |
| vörsechtig | voorzichtig | cautious | vorsichtig |
| weete(n) | weten | know | wissen |
| wat | wat | what | was |
Literature
- Georg Böllert: Ut Old Düsberg’s Tid, Georg Böllert, Duisburg, 1934 (originally published in 1911)
- Heinrich Neuse: Studien zur niederheinischen Dialektgeographie in den Kreisen Rees, Dinslaken, Hamborn, Mülheim, Duisburg, in: DDG [= Deutsche Dialektgeographie] 8, Marburg, Friedrich (1915)
See also
References
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book Note: This chapter/essay was originally published in 1975.
- ↑ Wiesinger, Peter. 1983. "Die Einteilung der deutschen Dialekte". In: Besch, Werner; Knoop, Ulrich; Putschke, Wolfgang; Wiegand, Herbert Ernst (eds.), Dialektologie. Ein Handbuch zur deutschen und allgemeinen Dialektforschung. Zweiter Halbband (series: Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft 1.2), p. 807-900. Berlin / New York: Walter de Gruyter.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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