Английская Википедия:Eldred Kurtz Means

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Шаблон:Use mdy dates Eldred Kurtz Means (March 11, 1878 – February 19, 1957) was an American Methodist Episcopal clergyman, famed public speaker, and author.Шаблон:Sfn A white man, he wrote fictional stories about African/African American characters who lived in an area of Louisiana which he named Tickfall. He described the characters in the most grotesque, comical and sensational terms.Шаблон:Sfn His magazine stories were compiled into books.Шаблон:Sfn He was a constant and prolific contributor to Frank A. Munsey's pulp magazines such as All-Story Weekly, Argosy and its predecessors.Шаблон:Sfn His use of black stereotypes, minstrel show motifs, Jim Crow characters, fantastical mimicry and impressionism of Negro dialectШаблон:Sfn made him a popular author with a niche of white audiences;[1][2]Шаблон:Sfn but the implicit racist message has not aged well.Шаблон:Sfn[1]

Early life

Means was born in Taylor County, Kentucky, the son of Virginia (née Lively) Means and George Hamilton Means. He married Ella Q. Crebbin in Monroe, Louisiana.Шаблон:Sfn[3]

Ministry

Means received a Doctor of Divinity, Centenary College of Louisiana.[3]

He had a far flung clerical career, involving more than a dozen posts:

  • 1899 Ordained ministry Methodist Episcopal Church, South,
  • 1899–1900, Pastor Ghent, Kentucky
  • 1901, Erlanger
  • 1902, Hodgenville
  • 1903–1905, Louisiana Avenue Church, New Orleans
  • 1905–1909, Baton Rouge
  • 1909–1913, Minden
  • 1913–1915, Shreveport
  • 1915–1917, Arcadia
  • 1917–1921, Monroe
  • 1922–1925, Galloway Memorial Church, Jackson, Mississippi[4][5]
  • 1925–1929, Court St. Church, Lynchburg, Virginia
  • 1929–1933 Main Street Methodist Episcopal Church South, Danville, Virginia
  • 1933–1937, Travis Street Church, Sherman, Texas
  • 1937–1939, First Church, Helena, Arkansas
  • 1939–1944, Central Methodist Church, Rogers, ArkansasШаблон:Sfn[3]

He was a Democrat.[3]

Literary work

Over more than a half century, he wrote scores of short stories for pulp fiction magazines. A fairly complete listing of his published stories appears in the following reference.Шаблон:Sfn In 1924, Irvin S. Cobb, an American humorist, numbered Means’s “darky stories” among his favorites. In the Fort Worth Star-Telegram, he wrote: "[Means] is at home in Jackson, Miss. ... and pastor of Galloway Memorial Church M.E., South. ... He is a zealous clergyman, a gifted speaker, and a fluent writer, but being, as befits a clergyman, a truthful man also, Mr. Means would lay no claim to great personal beauty."[5]

Means defended his use of dialect, persons and places as being true-to-type with verisimilitude to a passing and important lifestyle and culture. He claimed a love for the people Шаблон:Mdash the musicality and rhythm of their language, and professed a linguist's and an anthropologist's intent to preserve transitory culture and cultural artifacts Шаблон:Mdash which were in imminent danger of extirpation, as the shadow of slavery waned in the distance.Шаблон:Sfn

The publisher G.P. Putnam's Sons promoted him as part of its stable of authors highlighting white supremacy over other races.[1][6]

In 1918, an Ebony Film Corporation advertisement teased a coming film based on one of his Tickfall Tales titled Good Luck in Old Clothes.[7] The film was produced[8] and promoted as exemplifying "wholesome real droll Negro humor."[9]

In addition to his short stories, he had several books published.[10] Edward Winsor Kemble Шаблон:Mdash well known for his racist (purportedly accurate and humorous) caricatures[11] Шаблон:Mdash illustrated several of his books.[12][13][14] His books were reviewed in several newspapers.Шаблон:Sfn

Reception

Reviews of his works at the time were mixed, with the New York Tribune giving a favorable report.[1] In contrast, the Brooklyn Daily Eagle wrote: “There are, among the better writers of today, three who can write negro stories with humor and understanding, and E.K. Means is not one of them”.[15] Several of his books, having gone out of copyright, have been reproduced by various republishers.

Means touted 'lack of titles' on three of his books was not universally welcomed. A New York Times reviewer castigated the third in the series: "The crass lack of good taste, and worse than crass conceit shown by the title of this volume, are not-redeemed by any remarkable quality in its content."[16]

His story "At the End of the Rope" contains the earliest known usage of the saying: If it wasn't for bad luck I wouldn't have any luck at all.[17][18][19]

He was one of the earliest recognized users of the word "doodlebug".[20]

Works (in chronological order)

See also

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Шаблон:Cite news
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 Шаблон:Cite book
  4. ↑ Souvenir: One Hundred Years of Methodism in Jackson, Mississippi, 1836–1936. (1936). United States: (n.p.).
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  6. ↑ New York Times Book Review and Magazine, February 6, 1921, p. 25. Chronicling America; New York Tribune, February 5, 1921, p. 9. Chronicling America. See Шаблон:Cite book
  7. ↑ Film Card, Ebony Film Corporation General Film Company (1918)
  8. ↑ Good Luck in Old Clothes at IMDb.
  9. ↑ Placard, "An Ebony Comedy Hit: Good Luck in Old Clothes" General Film Company
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  14. ↑ Works by E.W. Kemble at Project Gutenberg.
  15. ↑ “The ‘Unhumorous’ Negro,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle, February 12, 1921, p. 11.
  16. ↑ Review: Further E. K. Means: Is This a Title? It Is Not. It Is the Name of a Writer of Negro Stories, Who Has Made Himself So Completely the Writer of Negro Stories That Like the First or Second Book. this Third Book Needs No Title (February 8, 1921) New York Times quoted in Drew (2015) page 93.
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ See 1927 January, Munsey’s Magazine, Volume 89, Number 4, At the End of the Rope by E. K. Means, Short Story Series: Tickfall, Start Page 645, Quote Page 649, New York: The Frank A. Munsey Company.
  19. ↑ See 1928 December, Munsey’s Magazine, Volume 95, Number 3, One Kind Deed by E. K. Means, Short Story Series: Tickfall, Start Page 382, Quote Page 384, Column 1, New York: The Frank A. Munsey Company.
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  24. ↑ Means, E.K.; Kemble, Edward Winsor, Illustrator. (1919) More E. K. Means: Is This a Title? It Is Not. It Is the Name of a Writer of Negro Stories, Who Has Made Himself So Completely the Writer of Negro Stories That His Second Book Needs No Title New York, London: The Knickerbocker Press, G. P. Putnam's Sons ebook via Project Gutenberg
  25. ↑ Means, E.K.; Kemble, Edward Winsor, Illustrator. (1920) Further E. K. Means: Is This a Title? It Is Not. It Is the Name of a Writer of Negro Stories, Who Has Made Himself So Completely the Writer of Negro Stories That Like the First or Second Book. this Third Book Needs No Title New York, London: The Knickerbocker Press, G. P. Putnam's Sons ebook via Project Gutenberg
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  27. ↑ Kurtz's Chapter 3 read in audio.Шаблон:Cite web at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  29. ↑ Published in the year of his death. Writings on American History. United States: KTO Press, 1957.
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