Английская Википедия:Electric Ladyland

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Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox album

Electric Ladyland is the third and final studio album by the Jimi Hendrix Experience, released in October 1968. A double album, it was the only record from the Experience with production solely credited to Hendrix.Шаблон:Refn The band's most commercially successful release and its only number one album, it was released by Reprise Records in the United States on October 16, 1968, and by Track Records in the UK nine days later. By mid-November, it had reached number 1 on the Billboard Top LPs chart, spending two weeks there. In the UK it peaked at number 6, where it spent 12 weeks on the British charts.

Electric Ladyland includes a cover of Bob Dylan's "All Along the Watchtower", which became the Experience's best-selling single, reaching number six in the UK and number 20 in the United States. Although the album confounded critics upon its release, it has since been viewed as one of Hendrix's best works and one of the greatest albums of all time, being featured on various "greatest albums" lists, including Q's 2003 list of the 100 greatest albums and various editions of Rolling StoneШаблон:'s list of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time", on which it was ranked 53rd in the 2020 iteration.

Recording and production

The Experience began recording Electric Ladyland at several studios in the United States and UK between July 1967 and January 1968.Шаблон:Sfn Recording resumed on April 18, 1968, at the newly opened Record Plant Studios in New York City, with Chas Chandler as producer and engineers Eddie Kramer and Gary Kellgren.[1]

Hendrix was famous for his studio perfectionism; he and drummer Mitch Mitchell recorded over 50 takes of "Gypsy Eyes" over three sessions.Шаблон:Sfn Hendrix was insecure about his voice and often recorded his vocals hidden behind studio screens. He sang backing vocals himself on the title track and on "Long Hot Summer Night".[2] As recording progressed, Chandler became frustrated with Hendrix's perfectionism and his demands for repeated takes.Шаблон:Sfn

Hendrix allowed friends and guests to join them in the studio, which contributed to a chaotic and crowded environment in the control room and led Chandler to sever his professional relationship with Hendrix.Шаблон:Sfn Bassist Noel Redding recalled: "There were tons of people in the studio; you couldn't move. It was a party, not a session."Шаблон:Sfn

Redding, who had formed his own band in mid-1968, Fat Mattress, found it increasingly difficult to fulfill his commitments with the Experience, so Hendrix played many of the bass parts.Шаблон:Sfn The album's cover states that it was "produced and directed by Jimi Hendrix", which disturbed Chandler since he produced some of the songs.Шаблон:Sfn The double LP was the only Experience album mixed entirely in stereo.Шаблон:Sfn

Hendrix experimented with other combinations of musicians, including Jefferson Airplane's Jack Casady and Traffic's Steve Winwood, who played bass and organ, respectively, on the 15-minute slow-blues jam "Voodoo Chile".Шаблон:Sfn In March 1968, he was joined onstage at the Scene Club in New York by Jim Morrison of the DoorsШаблон:Sfn and in early April, Hendrix appeared at an impromptu jam with B.B. King, Al Kooper, and Elvin Bishop.Шаблон:Sfn

Music

According to music journalist David Stubbs, Electric Ladyland is "undoubtedly a rock album, albeit rock on the point of evolving into something else."Шаблон:Sfn Uncut magazine's John Robinson said that its music reconciles the psychedelic pop of Hendrix's earlier recordings with the aggressive funk he would explore on his 1970 album Band of Gypsys.[3] During its recording, Kramer experimented with innovative studio techniques such as backmasking, chorus effect, echo, and flanging, which AllMusic's Cub Koda said recontextualized Hendrix's psychedelic and funk sounds on the album.[4]

Electric Ladyland is a cross-section of Hendrix's wide range of musical talent. It includes examples of several genres and styles of music: the psychedelic "Burning of the Midnight Lamp", a UK single the previous summer (1967), the extended blues jam "Voodoo Chile", the New Orleans-style R&B of Earl King's "Come On", the epic studio production of "1983... (A Merman I Should Turn to Be)", the social commentary of "House Burning Down", and the Sixties-era Britpop of Noel Redding's "Little Miss Strange". The album also features an electric reworking of the Bob Dylan classic "All Along the Watchtower", which has been well-received by critics as well as by Dylan himself,[5] and also "Voodoo Child (Slight Return)", a staple of both radio and guitar repertoire. Rolling StoneШаблон:'s Holly George-Warren praised "Crosstown Traffic" for its hard rock guitar riff.Шаблон:Sfn

"All Along the Watchtower" became the band's top-selling single and their only US top 40 hit, peaking at number 20; it reached number five in the UK.[6] The album also included one of Hendrix's most prominent uses of a wah-wah pedal, on "Burning of the Midnight Lamp", which reached number 18 in the UK charts.[7]

Cover

A color photograph of a record sleeve featuring an image of several naked women
The outer record sleeve UK cover by the photographer David Montgomery and later Polydor reissue distributed in Europe

Hendrix had written to Reprise describing what he wanted for the cover art, but was mostly ignored. He expressly asked for a color photo by Linda Eastman (later known as Linda McCartney following her marriage with Paul McCartney) of the group sitting with children on the sculpture of Alice in Wonderland in Central Park, and drew a picture of it for reference.[8] The company instead used a blurred red and yellow photo of his head while performing at Saville Theatre, taken by Karl Ferris.[9]

Файл:Electric Ladyland Barclay 2LP 1968.jpg
The front cover sleeve by Alain Dister for Barclay release

Track Records used its art department, which produced a cover image by photographer David Montgomery, who also shot the inside cover portrait of Hendrix, depicting nineteen nude women lounging in front of a black background.[10] Hendrix expressed initial displeasure and surprise with this "naked lady" cover (but later told Rolling Stone magazine that he "dug it anyway"),[11] much as he was displeased with the Axis: Bold as Love cover, which he found disrespectful.Шаблон:Sfn The cover was banned by several record dealers as "pornographic", while others sold it with the gatefold cover turned inside out, or in a brown wrapper.Шаблон:Sfn

In France and the Benelux countries, Hendrix's recordings were released by Barclay Records,Шаблон:Sfn and Electric Ladyland featured a front cover photograph by Alain Dister,Шаблон:Sfn and inner sleeve photographs by Jean-Pierre Leloir and Donald Silverstein.[12]

Release and reception

Electric Ladyland was released in the US on October 16, 1968.Шаблон:Sfn It was a "hit psychedelic album", Richie Unterberger later wrote,[13] and by mid-November, it had reached number one in the US, spending two weeks atop the pop charts.[14] The double LP was the Experience's most commercially successful release and Hendrix's only number-one album.Шаблон:Sfn In the UK, it peaked at number six and charted for 12 weeks.Шаблон:Sfn

Electric Ladyland confounded contemporary critics; reviewers praised some of its songs but felt the album lacked structure and sounded too dense.Шаблон:Sfn Melody Maker called it "mixed-up and muddled", with the exception of "All Along the Watchtower", which the magazine called a masterpiece.Шаблон:Sfn Reviewing for Rolling Stone in 1968, Tony Glover said Hendrix's original songs sometimes sound unstructured and was somewhat disappointed by the "heavy handed guitar" on "1983... (A Merman I Should Turn to Be)" and the science-fiction conclusion to "House Burning Down". Ultimately, Glover appreciated the "energy flow" unifying the songs and described Hendrix as "amazing", adding that Electric Ladyland serves as "an extended look into Hendrix's head, and mostly it seems to have some pretty good things in it (who among us is totally free of mental garbage?)".[15] Robert Christgau was more enthusiastic in Stereo Review, regarding it as an explosive showcase of rock's "most important recent innovation"—the "heavy" guitar aesthetic—and "an integrated work-in-itself in more ways than one". He found the production exceptional—"the best job of stereo for its own sake I know"—and was surprisingly impressed by the quality of the lyrics. While most guitarists in rock believed improvisation to be a straightforward endeavor, Christgau said "Hendrix achieves unique effects, effects you'll never get from Kenny Burrell", citing "Voodoo Chile" as an example.[16] He later named Electric Ladyland the fifth-best album of 1968 in his ballot for Jazz & Pop magazine's critics poll.[17]

Reappraisal

Шаблон:Album reviews Over time, Electric LadylandШаблон:'s critical standing improved significantly, with author and musicologist John Perry describing it as "one of the greatest double-albums in Rock."Шаблон:Sfn According to author Michael Heatley, "most critics agree" that the album was "the fullest realization of Jimi's far-reaching ambitions"; Guitar World editor Noe Goldwasser called it his greatest work.[18] The record was also deemed an essential hard rock album in Tom Larson's 2004 book History of Rock and Roll,Шаблон:Sfn and Clash reviewer Robin Murray viewed it as a "true classic of the psychedelic rock era".[19] In a retrospective review for Blender, Christgau wrote that it was the definitive work of psychedelic music,[20] describing the record as "an aural utopia that accommodates both ingrained conflict and sweet, vague spiritual yearnings, held together by a master musician".Шаблон:Sfn In Charlotte Greig's opinion, much like Are You Experienced, Electric Ladyland was "groundbreaking, introducing audiences to a style of psychedelic rock rooted in the blues".[21] The Washington Post critic Geoffrey Himes names it an exemplary release of the progressive soul development from 1968 to 1973.[22] Author Amy Wallace called the album a "classic of acid rock."[23]

Electric Ladyland has been featured on many greatest album lists, including a number 10 ranking on Classic Rock magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Rock Albums Ever,[24] and number 37 on The TimesШаблон:' 100 Best Albums of All Time.[25] Music journalist and author Peter Doggett argued that it is very likely the greatest rock album of all time because of its exceptional concept, artful melodies, experimentation, and skilled musicianship, which he felt remains unparalleled by any other rock artist.Шаблон:Sfn The album was included in "A Basic Record Library" of 1950s and 1960s recordings, published in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981).[26] In 1999, it was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame,[27] and in 2000, it was voted number 32 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums.[28] In 2003, Q magazine named Electric Ladyland as one of the 100 greatest albums.[29] Rolling Stone ranked it 54th in the 2003 edition of its "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" publication[30] and 53rd in the 2020 edition.[31]

Track listing

The original US Reprise and UK Track albums did not list running times for the songs.[32][33] Track lengths are taken from the 1968 International Polydor Production album.[34] Some of the song titles differ slightly between the original US and UK album editions and between the titles shown on the album back cover, the inside liner notes, and the labels on the records themselves; the titles listed here are those shown on the record labels. All songs are written by Jimi Hendrix, except where noted.

Шаблон:Track listing

Шаблон:Track listing

Шаблон:Track listing

Шаблон:Track listing

Notes

  • As was common with multi-LP albums, sides A and D were pressed back to back on the same platter, likewise sides B and C.[32][33] This was called auto-coupling or automatic sequence and was intended to make it easier to play through the entire album in sequence on automatic record-changers.
  • A new 50th anniversary edition was released on November 28, 2018. It features Hendrix's originally intended cover, and is available as a box-set with either a Blu-ray disc and 3-CDs or a Blu-ray disc and 6-LPs. The Blu-ray includes a 5.1 surround mix by Eddie Kramer and a high resolution version of the album remaster.[35] The remastering was done by Bernie Grundman from the original master tapes. The box set also features early takes, demos and live concert from September 14, 1968, at the Hollywood Bowl plus a 1997 documentary "At Last...The Beginning: The Making of Electric Ladyland" featuring Chas Chandler, Mitch Mitchell, Noel Redding and Eddie Kramer.

Personnel

Credits taken from the 1993 MCA compact disc liner notes.

The Jimi Hendrix Experience

  • Jimi Hendrix – vocals, guitars, piano, percussion, electric harpsichord; bass guitar on "Have You Ever Been (To Electric Ladyland)", "Long Hot Summer Night", "Gypsy Eyes", "1983...", "House Burning Down", and "All Along the Watchtower"; comb and tissue paper on "Crosstown Traffic"
  • Noel Redding – backing vocals, bass guitar on "Crosstown Traffic", "Little Miss Strange", "Come On", "Burning of the Midnight Lamp", and "Voodoo Child (Slight Return)"; acoustic guitar and lead vocals on "Little Miss Strange"
  • Mitch Mitchell – backing vocals, drums, percussion on all tracks except "Rainy Day, Dream Away" and "Still Raining, Still Dreaming"; lead vocals on "Little Miss Strange"

Additional musicians

  • Al Kooper – piano on "Long Hot Summer Night"
  • Dave Mason – twelve-string guitar on "All Along the Watchtower", backing vocals on "Crosstown Traffic"Шаблон:Sfn
  • Steve Winwood – Hammond organ on "Voodoo Chile"
  • Jack Casady – bass guitar on "Voodoo Chile"
  • Freddie Smith – tenor saxophone on "Rainy Day, Dream Away" and "Still Raining, Still Dreaming"
  • Mike Finnigan – organ on "Rainy Day, Dream Away" and "Still Raining, Still Dreaming"
  • Buddy Miles – drums on "Rainy Day, Dream Away" and "Still Raining, Still Dreaming"
  • Larry Faucette – congas on "Rainy Day, Dream Away" and "Still Raining, Still Dreaming"
  • Chris Wood – flute on "1983... (A Merman I Should Turn to Be)"
  • Brian Jones – percussion on "All Along the Watchtower"
  • The Sweet Inspirations – backing vocals on "Burning of the Midnight Lamp"

Production

Digital remastering

  • Lee Herschberg – initial compact disc release
  • Joe Gastwirt – 1989 compact disc release
  • Eddie Kramer, George Marino – 1997 compact disc release
  • Bernie Grundman, Scott Sedilo – 2018 anniversary compact disc release

Charts

Chart performance for Electric Ladyland
Chart (1968) Peak
position
Canada RPM Top 50 Albums[36] 1
Germany Charts[37] 12
Norway Charts[38] 13
UK Official ChartsШаблон:Sfn 6
US Billboard Top LPsШаблон:Sfn 1
US Top R&B Albums[39] 5

Certifications

Шаблон:Certification Table Top Шаблон:Certification Table Entry Шаблон:Certification Table Entry Шаблон:Certification Table Entry Шаблон:Certification Table Bottom

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

External links

Шаблон:Jimi Hendrix Шаблон:Jimi Hendrix songs

Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb: Recording began with Chandler and Kramer; Шаблон:Harvnb: Kellgren.
  2. ↑ Electric Ladyland, MCAD 10895, 1993, liner notes.
  3. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Robinson не указан текст
  4. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Koda не указан текст
  5. ↑ Dimery, Robert. 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die, Шаблон:ISBN, p.136
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb: "All Along the Watchtower" was Hendrix's only US top 40 hit single; :Шаблон:Harvnb "All Along the Watchtower" was Hendrix's highest-selling single; Шаблон:Harvnb: peak UK chart position for Hendrix's cover of "All Along the Watchtower"; Шаблон:Harvnb: peak US chart position for Hendrix's cover of "All Along the Watchtower".
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb: peak UK chart position for "Burning of the Midnight Lamp"; Шаблон:Harvnb: "Burning of the Midnight Lamp" was Hendrix's first recorded song to feature the use of a wah-wah pedal.
  8. ↑ Electric Ladyland. Experience Hendrix/MCA 11600, 1997, liner notes.
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Electric Ladyland. Track Records 613 010, 1968, cover photo.
  11. ↑ Epstein, Dan (2018). Jimi Hendrix’s ‘Electric Ladyland’: 10 Things You Didn’t Know. Rolling Stone Magazine
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite AV media notes
  13. ↑ Jacqueline Edmondson Ph.D. (ed.) Music in American Life: An Encyclopedia of the Songs, Styles, Stars, and Stories that Shaped our Culture. ABC-CLIO, 2013. p. 548.
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb: peak chart position.
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  20. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Christgau не указан текст
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  32. ↑ 32,0 32,1 Шаблон:Cite AV media notes
  33. ↑ 33,0 33,1 Шаблон:Cite AV media notes
  34. ↑ Шаблон:Cite AV media notes
  35. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  36. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  37. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  38. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  39. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
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