Версия от 13:29, 3 марта 2024; EducationBot(обсуждение | вклад)(Новая страница: «{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}} {{short description|World's first female telephone operator}} {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{Infobox person | name = Emma Nutt | image = Emma Nutt circa 1878-1900.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_date = July 1860 | birth_place = Perry, Maine | death_date = {{death year and age|1915|1860}} | death_place...»)
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In January 1878, the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company had started hiring boys as telephone operators, starting with George Willard Croy.[4] Boys (reportedly including Nutt's husband[1]) had been very successful as telegraphy operators, but their attitude (lack of patience) and behavior (pranks and cursing) were unacceptable for live phone contact,[5] so the company began hiring women operators instead. Thus, on September 1, 1878, Nutt was hired, starting a career that lasted between 33[6][7] and 37[8] years, ending with her retirement sometime between 1911[9] and 1915.[8] A few hours after Nutt started working, her sister Stella became the world's second female telephone operator, also making the pair the first two sister telephone operators in history.[2][10] Unlike her sister, Stella only remained on the job for a few years.[9]
The customer response to her soothing, cultured voice and patience was overwhelmingly positive, so boys were soon replaced by women. In 1879 these included Bessie Snow Balance, Emma Landon, Carrie Boldt, and Minnie Schumann, the first female operators in Michigan.[3]
Nutt was hired by Alexander Graham Bell, who is credited with inventing the first practical telephone; apparently she changed jobs from a local telegraph office. She was paid a salary of $10 per month for a 54-hour week.[4] Reportedly, she could remember every number in the telephone directory of the New England Telephone Company.[4]
Commemoration
Файл:Emma and shiela nutt 1878-264x201.jpgThis scene from "Bold Experiment – the Telephone Story", depicts the first women operators, Emma and Stella Nutt, working alongside boy operators at the Edwin Holmes Telephone Despatch Co. Boston, Massachusetts in 1878.[11]
"EMMA", a synthesized speech attendant system created by Preferred Voice and Philips Electronics[12] is named in her honor.[4]
1 September is unofficially commemorated as Emma M. Nutt Day.[7]
