Английская Википедия:Er rufet seinen Schafen mit Namen, BWV 175

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Шаблон:Infobox Bach composition Шаблон:Lang (He calls His sheep by name),[1] Шаблон:AbbrШаблон:Nbsp175, is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed the cantata in Leipzig for the third day of Pentecost and first performed it on 22 May 1725.

History and words

Bach wrote the cantata in his second year in Leipzig for Pentecost Tuesday, the third day of Pentecost.[2] In this second year Bach had composed chorale cantatas between the first Sunday after Trinity and Palm Sunday, but for Easter returned to cantatas on more varied texts, possibly because he lost his librettist. Nine of his cantatas for the period between Easter and Pentecost are based on texts of Christiana Mariana von Ziegler.[3] Bach later assigned most of them, including this cantata, to his third annual cycle.[2]

The prescribed readings for the feast day were from the Acts of the Apostles, the Holy Spirit in Samaria (Шаблон:Sourcetext), and from the Gospel of John, the Good Shepherd (Шаблон:Sourcetext). The cantata is thematically divided in two parts, movements 1 to 4 and movements 5 to 7, but performed consecutively. Both begin with a quotation from the gospel. The first part deals with Jesus as the Good Shepherd and the sheep who hear his voice. The second part deals with those who don't hear this voice. The poet uses the term "Шаблон:Lang" (deluded reason),[1] possibly addressing the attitude of the intellectual movement "Шаблон:Lang" (Age of Enlightenment).[2][4] The cantata is closed with the ninth stanza of Johann Rist's hymn "Шаблон:Lang".[5]

Bach first performed the cantata on 22 May 1725.[2]

Scoring and structure

The cantata in seven movements is distinctively scored for three vocal soloists (alto, tenor and bass), a four-part choir only in the closing chorale, two trumpets, three recorders, two violins, viola, violoncello piccolo and basso continuo. The recorders give a pastorale character to the first part about the Good Shepherd.[2]

  1. Recitative (tenor): Шаблон:Lang
  2. Aria (alto): Шаблон:Lang
  3. Recitative (tenor): Шаблон:Lang
  4. Aria (tenor): Шаблон:Lang
  5. Recitative (alto, bass): Шаблон:Lang
  6. Aria (bass): Шаблон:Lang
  7. Chorale: Шаблон:Lang

Music

Файл:Champaigne shepherd.jpg
The Good Shepherd, by Jean-Baptiste de Champaigne

The first quotation from the Bible is sung by the tenor, like an Evangelist. This recitative, saying "Шаблон:Lang" (He calls His sheep by name and leads them out),[1] is accompanied by three recorders, an instrument with pastoral associations.[6][7] The recorders also colour the first aria, a movement in 12/8 time with a text which refers to green fields.[4]

The following short recitative asks in a dissonant and dramatic way, like a lost sheep for its shepherd: "Шаблон:Lang" (Where can I find you? Ah, where are you hidden?).[1] The second aria is about the shepherd's arrival. Bach took the music from the secular cantata Шаблон:Lang, although the meter of Ziegler's poetry does not fit, as if Bach had not communicated the idea of the parody with the poet.[2] Bach transposes movement 7 from his congratulatory cantata up a minor third for tenor rather than bass voice and with an obbligato part for violoncello piccolo contrasting with the low range of the instruments he used in the first version. It is in the form of an extended da capo bourrée.[4]

The central recitative, movement 5, is the first movement of the cantata accompanied by the strings. It begins with the quotation from the gospel "Шаблон:Lang" (But they did not grasp what it was, that He had said to them),[1] sung by the alto as the Evangelist,[4] and leads to an arioso on the final warning not to overhear the words of Jesus, which "may be to your well-being"[1] (Шаблон:Lang). This warning is enforced by two trumpets in the bass aria which reminds of the death of Jesus: "Шаблон:Lang" (Jesus has sworn to you that He has laid low devil, death).[1][4] The trumpets are silent in the middle section, dealing with the gifts of Jesus, "grace, sufficiency, abundant life"[1] (Шаблон:Lang). The aria may also be a parody, but the model is not known.[2]

The chorale is repeated from the cantata for Pentecost, Шаблон:Lang. The melody of the hymn for Pentecost "Шаблон:Lang"[8] is set for four parts and three independent recorder parts, instead of strings in the earlier version, thus returning to the scoring of the beginning of the cantata.[2][4]

Recordings

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

Шаблон:Church cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach Шаблон:Bach cantatas Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Dellal не указан текст
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Dürr не указан текст
  3. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Wolff не указан текст
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Gardiner не указан текст
  5. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок chorale text не указан текст
  6. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Robins не указан текст
  7. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Mincham не указан текст
  8. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок chorale melody не указан текст
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