Английская Википедия:Ernest C. Pollard
Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox scientist Ernest Charles "Ernie" Pollard (April 16, 1906 – February 24, 1997) was a British professor of physics and biophysics and an author, who worked on the development of radar systems in World War II, worked on the physics of living cells, and wrote textbooks and approximately 200 papers on nuclear physics and radiation biophysics.
Biography
The son of Sam Pollard, Ernest C. Pollard lived until age 10 in China, moving to the United Kingdom when his father died. He studied physics at Cambridge University. He did his PhD work under James Chadwick at Cavendish Laboratory, which was led by Ernest Rutherford, receiving his degree in 1932. In 1933, he joined the physics department of Yale University, where he designed the university's first cyclotron in 1939. He co-wrote the first "textbook" in the subject: Applied Nuclear Physics with William L. Davidson, Jr. then Research Physicist of the B.F. Goodrich Company, published in 1942.
From 1941 to 1945 he was a member of the MIT Radiation Laboratory, working on such projects as Li'l Abner (for which he was granted a patent), MEW, the moving target indicator, and the height finder; and serving as associate head, co-head, and head of Division 10. For his work on radar development, he received the President's Certificate of Merit from President of the United States Harry S. Truman.
In 1948 he led the formation of a group of biophysicists at Yale. A department of biophysics was formally organized there in 1954, with funding from the John A. Hartford Foundation, where he became a professor, serving as the departmental chairman until 1961. During this time, Pollard supervised numerous doctoral students including the future Crafoord Prize winner Carl Woese. (The department of biophysics subsequently merged with the department of biochemistry, in 1969, becoming the department of molecular biophysics and biochemistry.)
As part of the centennial celebration at Vassar College, he spoke on The Advance of Physical Science into the Biological and Social Sciences at a conference on the natural and social sciences on 1960-11-04. He was also a member of the national Democratic advisory committee on science and technology during John F. Kennedy's presidential campaign. During the 1950s, he was head of the Committee on Loyalty and Security, an arm of the Federation of American Scientists, a group that actively defended scientists that were attacked during the McCarthy hearings.
Pollard founded the Biophysical Society in 1957, serving as a member of its executive board in that year and also as its president later from 1959–1960.
From 1961 until his retirement in 1971 Pollard taught at Pennsylvania State University, founding the Department of Biophysics there. The Ernest C. Pollard Lectures, given at the university as part of a programme of lectures by the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, are named after him, as is the Ernest C. Pollard Professorship in Biotechnology. At the same time he served on the NASA Advisory Committee on Space Biology alongside Carl Sagan.
After retirement, he continued as a research scholar, initially at Pennsylvania State University until 1977 and thereafter at the University of Florida and Duke University, as well as the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in North Carolina.
Bibliography
- Шаблон:Cite book (a copy can be found in the papers of Kenneth Bainbridge at Harvard University)
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Ernest C. Pollard and William L. Davidson Jr, (1942) Applied Nuclear Physics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York
- Шаблон:Cite book — also published in Scientific American in December 1954
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
References
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web — lists the membership of the NASA Advisory Committee on Space Biology
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web — mentions the formation of the biophysics department
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web — The list of the SCR-584 development team in World War II
- Шаблон:Cite journal
Further reading
- Английская Википедия
- 1906 births
- 1997 deaths
- Alumni of the University of Cambridge
- British expatriate academics in the United States
- British expatriates in China
- British nuclear physicists
- British emigrants to the United States
- Duke University faculty
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
- Pennsylvania State University faculty
- Educators from Yunnan
- University of Florida faculty
- Yale University faculty
- Writers from Yunnan
- Fellows of the American Physical Society
- Presidents of the Biophysical Society
- Radiobiologists
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