Английская Википедия:Ernestine H. Stevens

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox person Ernestine Hebert Stevens (October 25, 1830 – February 5, 1917) was a librarian and director of the United States National Agricultural Library from 1877 through 1893, the organization's first female head librarian.[1] During her tenure the total number of volumes went from 7,000 to 20,000 items and the general expenses rose from $1000 to $3000.[2] Stevens organized the printed materials and replaces copious museum objects with library publications.[2] During this time the Commissioner of Agriculture, Norman Colman, stressed that the department was in need of a well-managed and well-organized library.[2] The library developed a card catalog system under her tenure.[2]

Under Department Of Agriculture Secretary J. Sterling Morton, many women who worked in the department were demoted and their salaries reduced.[3] Morton asked Stevens to resign, and replaced her with William Parker Cutter on August 27, 1893.[4] She was retained as a clerk at a 30% pay cut.[3] Cutter continued to professionalize the library.[5]

Early life

Stevens was born Ernestine Hebert in 1829 in Iberville, Louisiana to Valery Amant Hebert and Marie-Clarisse Bouche Hebert, and had a French Huguenot background.[1] She was fluent in both French and Spanish.[1] She was married to General Walter Husted Stevens, a West Point officer, on July 3, 1850, and traveled with him extensively.[1] The couple had six children, two of whom lived to adulthood.[6] General Stevens died of while in Mexico, on November 12, 1867 leaving her with two children, Gustave and Ernestine, to support.[1][6] She settled in Baltimore, Maryland, initially running a small school, teaching students in French and English.[7] She was initially given a job in the patent office doing scientific translation but resigned when denied a permanent job which went to one of her boss's associates.[1] She was rehired at the agricultural department as assistant librarian and was promoted to director when her boss retired on November 1, 1877.[1][4]

References

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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