Английская Википедия:Esmodafinil
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Cs1 config Шаблон:Chembox Esmodafinil (also known as (S)-modafinil or (+)-Modafinil) is the enantiopure isolation of the (S) enantiomer of modafinil. Unlike armodafinil, esmodafinil has never been marketed on its own.[1]
Esmodafinil is suspected to be less clinically useful for treating conditions that modafinil and armodafinil are marketed for, such as narcolepsy, sleep-shift work disorder, and obstructive sleep apnea.[2]
Pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics
Esmodafinil possesses a substantially shorter half life (3–5 hours) compared to armodafinil (10–13 hours).[3]
Pharmacodynamics
Esmodafinil has a 3 times lower affinity for the dopamine transporter compared to armodafinil.[3] Both enantiomers of modafinil preferentially bind to the dopamine transporter in an inward facing conformation.[3][4]
Preclinical research
Esmodafinil has been researched for the treatment of cocaine addiction.[3][4] Like armodafinil, esmodafinil attenuates the effects of cocaine by occupying the dopamine transporter.[4] While doing so, esmodafinil increases dopamine in the nucleus accumbens to a lesser extent than cocaine.[3] However, the short half-life of esmodafinil has been cited as reason to investigate armodafinil as a cocaine addiction treatment instead.[3]
Analysis in biological samples
Modafinil is considered a stimulant doping agent and as such is prohibited by World Anti-Doping Agency in sports competitions.[5] The validated methods are researched to separately quantify modafinil enantiomers in the real samples.[6]
References
Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:Stimulants
