Английская Википедия:Fairfield, Connecticut

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:About Шаблон:Other uses Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox settlement

Fairfield is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It borders the city of Bridgeport and towns of Trumbull, Easton, Weston, and Westport along the Gold Coast of Connecticut. As of 2020, the town had a population of 61,512.[1] The town is part of the Greater Bridgeport Planning Region.

History

Colonial era

In 1635, Puritans and Congregationalists in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, were dissatisfied with the rate of Anglican reform, and sought to establish an ecclesiastical society subject to their own rules and regulations. The Massachusetts General Court granted them permission to settle in the towns of Windsor, Wethersfield, and Hartford which is an area now known as Connecticut.

On January 14, 1639, a set of legal and administrative regulations called the Fundamental Orders was adopted and established Connecticut as a self-ruling entity. By 1639, these settlers had started new towns in the surrounding areas. Roger Ludlowe, framer of the Fundamental Orders, purchased the land called Unquowa (presently called Fairfield), and established the name. The name "Fairfield" is commendatory.[2]

According to historian John M. Taylor: Шаблон:Blockquote

Towns created from Fairfield

Fairfield was one of the two principal settlements of the Connecticut Colony in southwestern Connecticut (the other was Stratford). The town line with Stratford was set in May 1661 by John Banks, an early Fairfield settler, Richard Olmstead, and Lt. Joseph Judson, who were both appointed as a committee by the Colony of Connecticut.[3] The town line with Norwalk was not set until May 1685.[4]

Over time, it gave rise to several new towns that broke off and incorporated separately. The following is a list of towns created from parts of Fairfield.

Revolutionary War

Шаблон:See also

When the American Revolutionary War began in the 1770s, Fairfielders were caught in the crisis as much as, if not more than, the rest of their neighbors in Connecticut. In a predominantly Tory section of the colony, the people of Fairfield were early supporters of the cause for independence. Throughout the war, a constant battle was being fought across the Long Island Sound as Loyalists from British-controlled Long Island raided the coast in whaleboats and privateers. Gold Selleck Silliman, whose home still stands on Jennings Road, was put in charge of the coastal defenses.

In the spring of 1779, Silliman was kidnapped from his home by Loyalist raiders in preparation for a British raid on Fairfield County. His wife, Mary Silliman watched from their home as, on the morning of July 7, 1779, approximately 2,000 British troops landed on Fairfield Beach near Pine Creek Point and invaded the town; the force proceeded to burn Fairfield due to the town's support for Patriot cause. A decade later, President George Washington noted that after traveling through Fairfield that "the destructive evidence of British cruelty are yet visible both in Norwalk and Fairfield; as there are the chimneys of many burnt houses standing in them yet".[5]

Twentieth century

The First World War brought Fairfield out of its agrarian past by triggering an unprecedented economic boom in Bridgeport, which was the center of a large munitions industry at the time. The prosperity accompanied a temporary housing shortage in the city, and many of the workers looked to Fairfield to build their homes. The trolley and later the automobile made the countryside accessible to these newly rich members of the middle class, who brought with them new habits, new attitudes, and new modes of dress. The prosperity lasted throughout the twenties.

By the time of the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the population had increased to 17,000 from the 6,000 it had been just before the war. Even during the Depression, the town kept expanding.

The grounding of a barge with two crewmen on Penfield Reef in Fairfield during a gale led to the 1st civilian helicopter hoist rescue in history, on November 29, 1945. The helicopter flew from the nearby Sikorsky Aircraft plant in Bridgeport, Connecticut.

The opening of the Connecticut Turnpike in the 1950s brought another wave of development to Fairfield, and by the 1960s the town's residential, suburban character was firmly established.

Fairfield became the home of the corporate headquarters of General Electric (GE), one of the world's largest companies, ca. 1970. On May 8, 2017, GE relocated to Boston, Massachusetts.

Geography

The town is on the shore of the Long Island Sound. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of Шаблон:Convert, of which Шаблон:Convert is land and Шаблон:Convert, or 4.15%, is water.

Waterways

Rivers flowing through Fairfield include Mill River, Rooster River, Ash Creek, Sasco Brook, and Aspetuck River.

Neighborhoods

Файл:Fairfield Post Road 1956 Postcard.jpg
Fairfield Center in a 1956 postcard

Fairfield consists of many neighborhoods. The best known are wealthy Southport, where General Electric Chief Executive Officer Jack Welch lived for many years, and Greenfield Hill, with its large green areas, famous dogwood trees, and picturesque green with its white-spired Congregational church. Other neighborhoods include Stratfield, Tunxis Hill, the University area, Grasmere, Mill Plain, Knapp's Village, Melville Village, Holland Hill, Murray, and the Fairfield Beach area, which has recently undergone a renaissance with the construction of many new homes by residents wishing to live in proximity to the beach and downtown.[6] This has resulted in steadily rising property prices.Шаблон:Citation needed Two shopping districts in town include the Post Road (U.S. 1) and Black Rock Turnpike.

Demographics

Шаблон:US Census population Шаблон:See also As of the census[7] of 2010, there were 59,404 people in the town, organized into 20,457 households and 14,846 families. The population density was Шаблон:Convert. There were 21,648 housing units at an average density of Шаблон:Convert. The racial makeup of the town was 91.6% White, 3.7% Asian, 1.8% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.2% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. 5.0% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 20,457 households, out of which 38.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.6% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.4% were non-families. 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 21.1% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.6 males.

The median household income (in 2013 dollars) was $117,705[8] (these figures had risen to $103,352 and $121,749 respectively as of a 2007 estimate[9]). Males had a median income of $69,525 versus $44,837 for females. The per capita income for the city was $55,733. 2.9% of the population and 1.8% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 2.8% of those under the age of 18 and 3.6% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Government and politics

Fairfield town vote
by party in presidential elections[10][11]
Year Democratic Republican Third Parties
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|2020 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|64.55% 22,861 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|34.03% 12,052 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Independent|1.42% 501
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|2016 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|57.18% 18,041 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|38.39% 12,112 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Independent|4.44% 1,400
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|2012 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|51.05% 15,283 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|47.95% 14,357 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Independent|1.00% 300
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|2008 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|56.44% 17,236 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|42.80% 13,071 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Independent|0.75% 230
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|2004 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|49.86% 15,068 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|48.66% 14,706 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Independent|1.48% 448
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|2000 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|49.62% 14,210 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|45.54% 13,042 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Independent|4.84% 1,387
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|1996 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|45.44% 12,639 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|44.28% 12,314 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Independent|10.28% 2,859
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|1992 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|37.67% 12,099 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|43.49% 13,968 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Independent|18.84% 6,053
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|1988 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|38.48% 11,336 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|60.38% 17,786 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Independent|1.14% 337
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|1984 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|30.80% 9,573 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|68.84% 21,396 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Independent|0.35% 110
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|1980 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|30.29% 9,169 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|57.50% 17,406 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Independent|12.22% 3,698
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|1976 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|39.64% 11,895 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|59.70% 17,916 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Independent|0.66% 198
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|1972 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|33.73% 10,368 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|64.63% 19,866 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Independent|1.65% 506
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|1968 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|40.23% 11,110 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|53.65% 14,813 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Independent|6.12% 1,690
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|1964 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|57.22% 14,837 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|42.78% 11,095 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Independent|0.00% 0
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|1960 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|44.30% 10,836 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|55.70% 13,626 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Independent|0.00% 0
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|1956 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|26.48% 5,522 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|73.52% 15,335 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Independent|0.00% 0
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|1952[12] align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|32.47% 6,242[12] align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|63.58% 12,221[12] align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Independent|3.95% 759[12]
Voter registration as of July 1, 2021[13]
Party Registered Voters Percentage
Шаблон:Party color cell Republican 10,026 24.4%
Шаблон:Party color cell Democratic 13,995 34.1%
Шаблон:Party color cell Unaffiliated 16,374 39.9%
Шаблон:Party color cell Minor parties 687 1.7%
Total 41,082 100%

Economy

In May 2012, Moody's Investors Service revised the Town of Fairfield's $192 million general obligation bond debt from negative to stable.[14] In June 2012, Moody's awarded Fairfield with an AAA bond rating, which it maintains to this date.Шаблон:When

Taxes

In 2005, the mill rate of Fairfield was 16.67.[15] The 2012–2013 taxes in Fairfield rose 4% to a mill rate of 23.37.[16] The 2013–2014 mill rate which went into effect on July 1 for fiscal year 2013–2014 also increased by 2.38% to 23.93.[17]

Large and distinctive companies

Points of interest

Файл:Fairfield Beach Connecticut Postcard c 1921.jpg
Fairfield Beach, in a 1921 postcard
Файл:1934 Postcard showing Post Road in Fairfield, Connecticut.jpg
Post Road, in Fairfield Center, in a 1934 photo
Файл:Fairfield Library Horse.jpg
1910 postcard showing Fairfield Library
Файл:Postcard of Fairfield, Connecticut c 1938 showing corner of Post Road and Old Post Road.jpg
Fairfield Community Theater, building shown on the right in this 1938 postcard, is now operated by Sacred Heart University

Historic sites

Arts, entertainment, and sports

  • The Regina A. Quick Center for the Arts on the campus of Fairfield University opened in 1990. Its schedule of events includes popular and classical music, dance, theatre, programs for young audiences, and the Open VISIONS Forum[18] lecture series which feature opinion-makers, artists, authors, political commentators, and contributors to the humanities and sciences. The Quick Center[19] houses the 740-seat Kelley Theatre, the 150-seat Lawrence A. Wien Experimental Theatre, and the Thomas J. Walsh Jr. Art Gallery. The Quick Center has become known as one of the finest concert halls in the country and was recognized as the "cultural epicenter of Fairfield County" by Westport Magazine.[20]
  • The PepsiCo Theatre, a renovated 1922 carriage house on the campus of Fairfield University, is the home to the theatre program of the Department of Visual and Performing Arts and Theater Fairfield,[21] the resident production company of the university. The PepsiCo Theatre also hosts experimental productions by students, faculty and local professionals.
  • The Bellarmine Museum of Art on the campus of Fairfield University hosts shows by regional artists and touring exhibitions as well as a permanent collection.
  • The Community Theater in downtown Fairfield was acquired, renovated, and reopened by Sacred Heart University in 2019.[22]
  • The Fairfield Theater Company operates an auditorium located near the downtown Fairfield train station.[23]
  • The Gazebo on Sherman Town Green is home to free concerts during the summer in the afternoon hours.
  • Pequot Library, known for programming and rare books
  • WSHU-FM Public Radio, operated by Sacred Heart University
  • WVOF, student-run radio at Fairfield University
  • Fairfield University hosts collegiate athletic competitions open to the public including basketball, baseball, cross-country, field hockey, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, swimming, tennis, and volleyball.

Parks and recreation

Файл:Penfield Beach II.jpg
Penfield Beach

Fairfield residents enjoy a wealth of recreational opportunities, many of which stem from Fairfield's enviable location on the Long Island Sound.

  • The town's Шаблон:Convert of Long Island Sound coastline include five town beaches which are staffed by lifeguards during the summer, and miles of privately owned beach which are open to the public below the high tide mark.
  • South Benson Marina is a town-owned facility providing 600 boat slips which residents can rent for the summer.[6]
  • Lake Mohegan, which includes waterfalls called The Cascades, is a popular destination for hiking, as are the Fairfield Audubon Society[24] and the Bird Sanctuary.
  • Ye Yacht Yard, a town-owned facility on Southport Harbor, provides boat launch services to residents, and access to moorings in Southport Harbor. Ye Yacht Yard is also the location of Community Sailing of Fairfield, whose members share use of two 18-foot sailboats.
  • The "SportsPlex" is located in downtown Fairfield and offers athletic activities such as ice skating, indoor climbing, indoor soccer and gymnastics.

Other points of interest

Government

Файл:FAIRFIELD TOWN HALL, FAIRFIELD, CT.jpg
Fairfield's town hall

The town government consists of the three-member Board of Selectmen, a Representative Town Meeting (RTM), a Board of Finance, a Board of Education, a Town Planning and Zoning Commission (TPZ), and many other politically appointed commissions, boards, and committees. The current First Selectman is Bill Gerber (D).[25]

Makeup of notable governmental bodies

As of November 27, 2023

Board of Selectmen

Democrat controlled 2–1[26]

Member Term
Bill Gerber (D) 2023-2027
Christine Vitale (D) 2023-2027
Brenda Kupchick (R) 2023-2027

Representative Town Meeting

Democratic Supermajority 31–9[26]

Fairfield RTM Members, 2023–2025
District # Democratic Republican
1 0 4
2 2 2
3 3 1
4 4 0
5 4 0
6 4 0
7 4 0
8 2 2
9 4 0
10 4 0
Totals: 31 9

Board of Finance

Democrat Controlled 5–4[26]

Fairfield BoF Members, as of 2021[27]
Member Term
Craig Curley (D) 2021–2027
Lori Charlton (D) 2019–2025
Christopher DeWitt (R) 2017–2023
Kevin Starke (D) 2021–2023*
Mary LeClerc (R) 2019–2025
Sheila Marmion (D) 2021–2027
John Mitola (D) 2017–2023
Jack Testani (R) 2019–2025
James Walsh (R) 2021–2027

*Special Election held in 2021 to replace the seat left vacant by Ed Bateson on 5/17/21

Board of education

Democrat Controlled 5–4

Fairfield BoE Members, as of 2021[28]
Member Term
Jeffery Peterson (R) 2021–2025
Jennifer Jacobsen (D) 2021–2025
Carol Guernsey (D) 2021–2025
Nicholas Aysseh (R) 2021–2025
Christine Vitale (D) 2019–2023
Bonnie Rotelli (R) 2019–2023
Crissy Kelly (R) 2019–2023
Jessica Gerber (D) 2019–2023
Jennifer Maxon-Kennelly (D) 2019–2023

The town has no criminal or civil court system and all trials are held and handled by the Bridgeport Superior Court system. However, the town does also offer access to a Juvenile Review Board (JRB) for certain juvenile cases outlined by the Fairfield Police Department.

In the Connecticut General Assembly, Fairfield is represented by one Republican, Sen. Tony Hwang, and three Democrats, Rep. Cristin McCarthy Vahey, Rep. Jennifer Leeper, and Rep. Sarah Keitt.[26]

Emergency services

Police Department

The Fairfield Police Department was created in 1926, approximately 287 years after the town was founded.[29]

Fire Department

The town of Fairfield is protected by the 95 career firefighters of the Fairfield Fire Department (FFD), and volunteer firefighters of the Southport Volunteer Fire Department and Stratfield Volunteer Fire Department. The career Fairfield Fire Department operates five fire stations, located throughout the town, and uses a fire apparatus fleet of five engine companies, one ladder company, one rescue company, three fireboats, and 1 Shift Commander's Unit, as well as many special support, and reserve units.[30] The Southport Volunteer Fire Department has served the community since 1895.[31] The Stratfield Volunteer Fire Department has several stations and has served the community since 1920.[32]

Education

Файл:Fairfield Entrance.JPG
Main entrance to Fairfield University

Шаблон:Main Fairfield has two public high schools, Fairfield Warde and Fairfield Ludlowe; three public middle schools, Roger Ludlowe, Tomlinson, and Fairfield Woods Middle School; and eleven public elementary schools.[33]

Fairfield has several Catholic schools, including two high schools, Fairfield Prep and Notre Dame, and two primary schools, St. Thomas Aquinas and Our Lady of the Assumption. A third Catholic primary school, Holy Family, was closed by the Diocese of Bridgeport at the end of the 2009–2010 academic year.

Non-religious private schools include Fairfield Country Day School and the Unquowa School.

Fairfield is also home to two post-secondary institutions, Fairfield University and Sacred Heart University.

Media

Transportation

Файл:Fairfield station from southbound train (2), July 2019.JPG
The Fairfield Metro-North station platform, tracks, and overpass

Fairfield is traversed by U.S. 1, Interstate 95, and the Merritt Parkway. It has three Metro-North Railroad stations, Fairfield Metro, Fairfield and Southport. The town is served by several public bus lines of the Greater Bridgeport Transit Authority.

Places of worship

Notable people

Шаблон:More citations needed section Шаблон:Colbegin

Файл:Leonard Bernstein in his studio at his home, Fairfield, CT 1988.jpg
Leonard Bernstein in his Fairfield home studio, Шаблон:Circa

Шаблон:Colend

See also

Шаблон:Portal

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Wikivoyage

Шаблон:Geographic Location Шаблон:Greater Bridgeport Planning Region, Connecticut Шаблон:Fairfield County, Connecticut Шаблон:Connecticut Шаблон:New York metropolitan area Шаблон:Authority control

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