Английская Википедия:Finno-Permic languages

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox language family

The Finno-Permic or Finno-Permian languages, sometimes just Finnic or Fennic languages, are a proposed subdivision of the Uralic languages which comprise the Balto-Finnic languages, Sámi languages, Mordvinic languages, Mari language, Permic languages and likely a number of extinct languages. In the traditional taxonomy of the Uralic languages, Finno-Permic is estimated to have split from Finno-Ugric around 3000–2500 BC, and branched into Permic languages and Finno-Volgaic languages around 2000 BC.[1] Nowadays the validity of the group as a taxonomical entity is being questioned, and the interrelationships of its five branches are debated with little consensus.[2][3]

The term Finnic languages has often been used to designate all the Finno-Permic languages, with the term Balto-Finnic used to disambiguate the Finnic languages proper.[4][1] However, in many works, Finnic refers to the Baltic-Finnic languages alone.[5][6]

Subclassification

The subclassification of the Finno-Permic languages varies among scholars. During the 20th century, most classifications treated Permic vs Finno-Volgaic as the primary division. In the 21st century, Salminen rejected Finno-Permic and Finno-Volgaic entirely.[7] Other classifications treat the five branches of Finno-Permic as follows.

Janhunen (2009)[8] Häkkinen (2007)[9] Lehtinen (2007)[10] Michalove (2002)[11] Kulonen (2002)[12]
  • Permic
  • Finno-Volgaic
    • Mari
    • Finno-Samic
      • Sámi
      • Finno-Mordvin
        • Mordvin
        • Balto-Finnic & Para-Finnic
  • Mari-Permic
    • Mari
    • Permic
  • Finno-Mordvin
    • Finnic
    • Sámi
    • Mordvin
  • Permic
  • Finno-Volgaic
    • Mari
    • Mordvin
    • Finno-Samic
      • Sámi
      • Balto-Finnic
  • Permic
  • Mari
  • Sámi
  • Mordvin
  • Balto-Finnic
  • Permic
  • Mari
  • Mordvin
  • Finno-Samic
    • Sámi
    • Balto-Finnic

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:Uralic languages

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite thesis
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  11. ↑ Michalove, Peter A. (2002) The Classification of the Uralic Languages: Lexical Evidence from Finno-Ugric. In: Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen, vol. 57
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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