Английская Википедия:Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn
Шаблон:Short description Fjörgyn (or Jörð; Old Norse 'earth') is a personification of earth in Norse mythology, and the mother of the thunder god Thor, the son of Odin. The masculine form Fjörgynn is portrayed as the father of the goddess Frigg, the wife of Odin.Шаблон:Sfn
Both names appear in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and in the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. A number of theories surround the names and they have been the subject of scholarly discourse.
Name
Etymology
The Old Norse name Fjörgyn is used as a poetic synonym for 'land' or 'the earth' in skaldic poems.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn It stems from Proto-Germanic *fergunja, meaning 'mountain', perhaps 'mountainous forest', which may ultimately derive from Proto-Indo-European *per-kwun-iyā ('the realm of Perkwunos'; i.e., the wooden mountains).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Fjörgyn is cognate with the Gothic fairguni (𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌹), the Old English firgen, both meaning 'mountain', and with the Old High German Firgunnea, the Ore Mountains.Шаблон:Sfn Alternatively, the name may be a feminine equivalent of *ferga, meaning 'god'.Шаблон:Sfn
Alternative names
Scholars argue that Fjörgyn may simply be another name for Jörð, whose name also means 'earth'.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The fact that she does not appear elsewhere as a goddess in skaldic poetry "as would be expected of a purely literary alternative to Jörð" may be also notable.Шаблон:Sfn
Attestations
Fjörgyn (feminine) is attested in Völuspá in the kenning "Fjörgyn’s son" for Thor, and in Hárbarðsljóð as the mother of Thor.Шаблон:Sfn
In both Gylfaginning (9) and Skáldskaparmál (19), Fjörgynn (masculine) is depicted as the father of Frigg.Шаблон:Sfn In Lokasenna ('Loki's flyting'), Loki is responding to Frigg: Шаблон:Poem quote
Theories
Divine pair
Hilda Ellis Davidson theorizes that Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn may have represented a divine pair of which little information has survived, along with figures such as the theorized Ullr and Ullin, Njörðr and Nerthus, and the attested Freyr and Freyja.[1]
Proto-Indo-European origin
Theories have been proposed that Fjörgyn (Proto-Germanic: *fergunja) may represent an extension of an earlier Proto-Indo-European thunder or rain god *Perkwunos due to Indo-European linguistic connections between Norse Fjörgyn, the Lithuanian god Perkūnas, the Slavic god Perun and, perhaps, the Vedic rain god Parjanya.[2]
See also
Notes
References
- Davidson, H. R. Ellis (1990). Gods and Myths of Northern Europe. Penguin Books. Шаблон:ISBN
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Mallory, J.P. (1989). In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology and Myth. Thames & Hudson. Шаблон:ISBN
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
Шаблон:Norse cosmology Шаблон:Norse mythology
