Английская Википедия:Flood embankment
Шаблон:Ref improve A flood embankment is traditionally an earth wall used to shore up flood waters.
Most flood embankments are between 1 metre and 3 metres high. A Шаблон:Convert flood embankment is rare.[1]
Modern improvements to this design include constructing an internal central core made from impermeable substance like clay or concrete, some even use metal pilings.[2]
Some authorities call man-made structures levees.
Problems
| Animation of types of floodwall failures | |
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| Overtopping
some flood embankments are designed to overtop |
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| When not by design, the crest can wash away and cause a breach | |
| Structural failure
If any weakness is detected under strong water pressure, the compromise is soon exacebated |
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| Rotation
When the structure has moved of its axis causing an exposed area to be washed away |
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| Sliding
When the structure has moved sideways exposing the foundation to erosion as well as allowing gaps in between the structures |
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| Seepage
When water infiltrates under the structure. This is caused by burrowing animals like dogs, beavers,badgers and otters |
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| Piping
When water finds its way under the structure and collects on the other side. A central core is normally designed in to prevent piping |
| The main problem is the space required to construct and maintain such a structure.
A flood embankment of 2.5 metres high requires an outreach of 15 metres, which makes it unsuitable in some areas. To prevent seepage through the embankment a central core is added to acquire stability and integrity. |
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Examples
Clifton, Rawcliffe, Poppleton and Leeman ings in York
Animation
This is an animation showing a flood event overwhelming neighbouring properties and the added construction of a flood embankment and flood warning and protection status.
References
