Английская Википедия:Forts in Sri Lanka
Forts and fortifications in Sri Lanka date back thousands of years with many being built by Sri Lankan Kings, these include several walled cities. With the out set of colonial rule in the Indian Ocean, Sri Lanka was occupied by several major colonial empires that from time-to-time became the dominant power in the Indian Ocean. The colonists built several western styled forts, mostly in and round the coast of the island. The first to build colonial forts in Sri Lanka were the Portuguese, these forts were captured and later expanded by the Dutch. The British occupied these Dutch forts during the Napoleonic wars.
Most of colonial forts were garrisoned up until the early 20th century. The coastal forts had coastal artillery manned by the Ceylon Garrison Artillery during the two world wars. Most of these were abandoned by the military, but retained civil administrative officers, while others retained military garrisons, which were more administrative than operational. Some were reoccupied by military units with the escalation of the Sri Lankan Civil War, Jaffna fort for example came under siege several times.
Anuradhapura period
Image | Name | Founded | Abandoned | Location | Condition | Controlled by | Type | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vijithapura | 5th Century BC Anuradhapura Kingdom |
Central Province | Fortress City | [N 1][1] | ||||
Файл:Sigiriya.jpg | Sigiriya | 5th Century by Kashyapa I |
495 CE | Dambulla, Central Province | Ruined | Government of Sri Lanka | Citadel | [N 2] |
Mapagala fortress | Central Province | [N 3] |
Transitional period
Sitawaka forts
Image | Name | Founded | Abandoned | Location | Condition | Controlled by | Type | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sitawaka fort | Avissawella, Western Province | |||||||
Hanwella Fort | Hanwella, Western Province | Destroyed | Defence | [2] |
Portuguese forts
Kandyan period
Kandyan forts
Image | Name | Founded | Abandoned | Location | Condition | Controlled by | Type | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Balana fort | Balana, Central Province | Ruined | Defence | [3] | ||||
Hunnasgiriya Fort | Hunnasgiriya, Central Province | Ruined | Defence | [4] | ||||
Welanhinna Ancient Fort | Diyatalawa, Uva Province | Destroyed | [5] |
Dutch forts
British forts
Image | Name | Founded | Abandoned | Location | Condition | Controlled by | Type | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Martello tower | 1801-03 | Hambantota, Southern Province | Good | Government of Sri Lanka | Defence tower | |||
Fort MacDowall | 1803 | Matale Central Province | [N 19] |
Notes
References
External links
- Dutch and Portuguese buildings in Sri Lanka, written by Marco Ramerini
- Colonial Forts in Sri Lanka Шаблон:Webarchive
- The remnants of Dutch culture in Sri Lanka
- Forten en stellingen in Sri Lanka (Ceylon) tijdens de Nederlandse periode Шаблон:In lang
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